臺灣家庭暴力防治法之法律改革與司法實踐：一個法律移植的理論與實證考察

Abstract

在1990年代，當時臺灣社會的婦女運動開始蓬勃發展，適逢鄧如雯事件的衝擊，殷切期待有效的家庭暴力防治措施。在1998年6月24日，臺灣的「家庭暴力防治法」公布施行。這部專法是以美國的「1994年婚姻與家庭暴力模範法規」作為藍圖，推動者的法條轉譯和法律修訂，最後施行於臺灣社會，是一個十足的法律移植案例。本論文追溯美國法的形成歷程，並探究臺灣訂定專法的法律移植歷程及法律實踐情形。 本論文採用個案研究法（case study），以家庭暴力防治法作為研究的個案主體，運用文獻分析法、次級資料分析法及內容分析法，來瞭解和描述家庭暴力防治法的法律移植與法律實踐的活動過程，藉以凸顯家庭暴力防治法的發展之獨特性和複雜性。 本論文的發現分成兩個部分來討論，一是從法律實踐的情形來看，民事保護令的使用率逐年增加，對於家庭暴力事件的發生有些降低或抑制的效果；刑事程序中的警察逮捕的處理案件逐年略有增加，但相較於美國的家庭暴力事件的逮捕率仍有落差，而家庭暴力罪的刑事裁判資料分析顯示，相較於一般人的普通傷害罪並無二致。二是從法律移植的歷程來看，民事保護令對於美國和臺灣社會來說都是受暴婦女請求救濟的創新法律制度，其法律移植的歷程對於臺灣法的擾動較少，接受度高。但是，美國因應家暴事件所發展出來的刑事程序，碰到臺灣原有的刑法與刑事程序法的制度，法律移植較不明顯。例如刑事程序中的警察逮捕制度在家庭暴力防治法雖有明訂的法條規範，但因刑事訴訟法的規定而限制其職能裁量；又如，法院對於家庭暴力罪的裁判雖指出發生於家庭成員之間的暴力行為，但在裁判上卻未凸顯家庭暴力事件的處置特色。

During 1990s, women movement in Taiwan started to flourish. Effective prevention and treatment measues were called eagerly for after a brutal homocide incidence happened on 1993. On June 24 of 1998, the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (DVPT) was progmulgated in Taiwan. The Act was an example of legal transplanting across borders. Through legal translation and legal borrowing, the Act took the 1994 Model Code on Domestic and Family Violence from the United States as a blueprint to draw the law. This thesis intends to trace back how American Law was formed, explore how legal transplanting happened, and how the legal practice of the Act performed. Using the DVPT as the research subject, a case study approach was adopted to explore the inquiries. Multiple methods including literature review, secondary data analyses, and content analyses was used to describe and explore legal transplanting process and legal practices of the Act in Taiwan. The thesis findings include two parts. First, in terms of legal practice, applications for civil protection orders has been growing gradually and showing some positive effects on deterring domestic violent behaviors since the establishment of the system. However, since the implementation of the Act, regarding offenses of domestic violence, police arresting rate increases slowly and criminal ruling adjudication shows no difference from judging offenses of causing bodily harm between strangers. Second, the system of civil protection orders from the United States indicates a legal syncretism with the local DVPT gradually. But, reforming criminal law and procesure for treating domestic violence in particular has not transplanting successfully due to precautions and resistance from local criminal systems. Reseach implicatins are included.