向上流動卻逐步遠離？：菁英文組第一代大學生的親子關係衝突

Abstract

在媒體上時常將中下階級出身考上知名大學的案例當作成功故事，高舉學歷向上流動的價值。然而，鮮少有報導或研究進一步追問這些人進大學「之後」的生活是否真的如此美好？學歷向上流動就能夠改變家庭，帶動家庭躋身中上階級的世界嗎？本研究以進入頂尖大學就讀的文組第一代大學生為研究對象，探討他們在經歷過高等教育後，和父母的相處中如何發生衝突？他們又如何因應、調適與父母之間的衝突？透過訪談20位第一代大學生，本研究發現第一代大學生與父母相處所發生的衝突可以歸結於兩種想像與現實間的落差：一是期待高學歷帶給自己的改變的想像，另一則是中產階級中心的理想親子關係想像。前者是對於高學歷所投射的話語權與階級向上流動的期待，後者則是指在充滿中產階級同儕的高教環境中形成的對於親密親子關係的憧憬。此外，親子之間的性別也與其間的階級落差相互交織，反映在教養權威在父母間的差異、家庭資源分配在子女間的差異，以及同志子女的出櫃策略上。因此，第一代大學生在家庭關係上面臨諸多挑戰，成為其向上流動過程中需要應對的心理阻力。

In mass media, there are lots of success narratives about people who have lower-class origin entering into selective universities, and which advocate educational upward mobility. However, few reports talk about the follow-up stories of these people. Does educational upward mobility really bring about an overall change of the family, bringing them to the upper-class world? In this research, I investigate how elite liberal arts first-generation college students conflict with their parents after higher education, and how they deal with and adapt to the conflicts. Drawing on 20 interviews with first-generation college students, I find the conflicts can be attributed to two kinds of gaps between parents’ and children’s imagination and reality: one is how they perceive and expect the changes brought by higher education, the other is how they imagine an ideal middle-class-centered parent-child relationship. The former is about an anticipation of class mobility and its discursive power projected on higher education, and the latter is a dream born in the higher educational environment with many middle-class peers. Moreover, gender is also intertwined with class between parents and children, which is manifested on the difference of parental authority between fathers and mothers, the disparity of family resources between sons and daughters, and the coming-out strategies of LGBT children. Thus, first-generation college students are confronted with many challenges in their family, becoming psychological obstacles put on their route to upward mobility.