論航空公司運送契約設立滋擾行為拒載名單之適法性

Abstract

近代經濟以全球化經濟體系為趨勢，在地球村概念催化下，航空器已成為大眾往返各國之一般交通運輸工具。然受運行於空中之空間限制，當有任何足以危害航行安全之行為發生時，航空器無法若其他交通運輸工具得隨時停下尋求救援，從空中至地面，需要更多因應之時間，亦同時面臨更大的風險。雖然航行安全成為近年備受重視之議題，然我國並未將國際民航組織提出之行為定義及對應罰則明文規範內國法化，導致滋擾行為發生率逐年攀升，我國航空業卻無足夠之法源依據對策。 國際民航組織制定兩大方向— 安全與保安 —以維護航行安全，本文欲限縮於航空保安中之乘客滋擾行為全文探討重點。依序整理國際民航組織針對滋擾行為之態樣定義及近年各民航國際公約所給予滋擾行為之責罰規範，並比較17家國際航空公司於承運契約中對於滋擾行為得拒載之條款，再依私法自治原則探討我國2大國際航空公司承運契約內容是否符合定型化契約之誠實信用原則，最後提出個人淺見，從國際公約之法位階出發，肯認比例原則得適用於拒載及拒載名單，並參考近年比例原則逐漸部分適用於民法判決之角度，探討應用於航空滋擾行為得列拒載名單之法適用性。

The modern economy is trending towards a globalized economic system. By the catalysis of global village concept, aircraft has become a common transportation tool for the public to travel among various countries. However, due to the constraints in space, when there any incidents occurred sufficient to endanger the aviation safety; unlike the other transportation tools, the aircraft is not able to stop at any time to seek for rescue. From the air to the ground, it takes more time for the aircraft to respond and face more risks. Although aviation safety has become an issue that has drawn much attention in recent years, Taiwan has not explicitly regulated the behavior definition and corresponding penalties proposed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (hereinafter referred to as 'ICAO') into domestic law; as a result, Taiwan’s aviation industry does not have sufficient legal basis for countermeasures to deal with the incidence of unruly behaviors that increase year by year. The ICAO has formulated two major directions – safety and security – to protect aviation safety. This Paper will focus on discussing the unruly passenger behaviors in aviation security. First, sort out ICAO’s definition on unruly behaviors and the penalties given to the behaviors regulated by each international civil aviation conventions in recent years, then compare the clauses regulated by 17 international airlines regarding the refusal of unruly behaved passengers in their contracts of carriage. Secondly, based on the Principle of Private Law Autonomy, this Paper discuss whether the contents of carriage contracts of the two major international airlines in Taiwan conform to the Good Faith Principle in Standard Form Contracts. Finally, propose an opinion. Starting from the legal hierarchy of international conventions, with reference that the Principle of Proportionality has gradually been partially applied to the perspective of some civil law judgments, this Paper discuss the legality of application of the Principle to the establishment of refusal lists for unruly-behaved passengers. As a conclusion, the Principle of Proportionality can be applied to the refusal of carriage and establishing permanent refused passenger lists.