匱乏的治理：太平洋戰爭期間上海的食物配給與日常生活

Abstract

本論文研究太平洋戰爭期間，日軍占領上海並推行食物配給的過程，以及食物配給對上海市民日常生活的塑造。旨在探討戰爭時代，物資嚴重缺乏之際，官方與民間各如何面對匱乏，處理匱乏？並且在這個過程中所形成的匱乏治理，留下什麼戰爭遺產，繼續形塑現代社會的樣貌？本論文有別於過往糧政研究注重生產面的管理，轉從治理的角度出發，爬梳造成戰時上海食物嚴重匱乏的流通和消費問題。配給制度首次在中國城市裡施行，上海尤屬20世紀中國最重要的都會區，同時存在外國人政府管理的租界區和中國人統治的華界區，使其城市治理特別複雜。太平洋戰爭期間推行的食物配給，即牽涉到其城市的市場組織、戶口管理、飲食調適與城鄉流通等問題。本論文因此針對市場、戶口、營養科學三大面向，梳理食物配給與上海社會結構間的關係，並檢視食物配給所留下的戰爭遺產。

This thesis researches the process of the Japanese occupation of Shanghai and the implementation of food rationing during the Pacific War, and how the food rationing shaped the daily life of Shanghai citizens. The purpose is to explore how the government and the civilians faced the food shortage and coped with it; in addition, what is the legacy of the governance under the shortage formed in this process that continued to shape the structure of modern society? Compared to previous studies about grain policy focusing on the management of production, this thesis, on the other hand, with the perspective of governance, combs the circulation and consumption issues that caused the serious shortage of food in Shanghai during the war. The rationing system was enforced in Chinese cities for the first time. Shanghai is especially the most important metropolitan in China in the 20th century. It included both concession areas managed by foreign governments and other areas dominated by Chinese, making the urban governance particularly complicated. The food rationing promoted during the Pacific War involved issues such as market organization, household registration, diet adjustment, and urban-rural circulation. This thesis therefore focuses on the three major aspects of market, hukou, and nutrition science, sorting out the embeddedness between food rationing and the social structure of Shanghai, and then examines the war legacy left by food rationing as well.