臺灣循環經濟產業跨入新興市場策略 – 以廢棄物焚化發電與回收再利用為例

Abstract

本研究旨在分析了解臺灣循環經濟產業跨入新興市場之進入策略，研究目的包括：(1)探討循環經濟產業在進行產業輸出之動機與目的，(2)探討循環經濟產業在進行產業輸出關鍵成功因素，(3)探討循環經濟產業在進行產業輸出時所採取之模式，(4)提供未來推動循環經濟產業及政府訂定各項政策參考。本研究採用質性研究之專家問卷訪談法，為兼顧方向性與彈性，選定了半結構式問卷法，研究對象包括廢棄物焚化發電與回收再利用二個領域，共有廢棄物焚化發電、溶劑、塑膠容器、輪胎、紙容器、燈管及電池、資訊物品及電子電器(四機一腦)等八家廠商，產業輸出範圍鎖定於新興國家。本研究的主要結果如下： 一、循環經濟產業最主要輸出動機考量有三項：政策、市場規模及文化，若無政策與制度之支撐，如臺灣基管會的回收基金制度，廠商不敢貿然進入市場，也無法順利推展成功。 二、循環經濟產業於進行產業輸出之前三項成功關鍵因素為技術、當地關係、符合當地需求之整合管理能力，技術能力為廠商最引以為傲之優勢，好的技術能力能帶來更多業務發展機會。關於品牌及廠商經濟規模之重要性，於廢棄物焚化發電及回收再利用領域之結果存在差異，前者主要服務對象為政府單位，又其設施規模及處理技術要求相對高，品牌能為其創造優勢，增加業務機會。 三、循環經濟產業進行產業輸出時所採用之主要二個策略模式為合資及技術服務，主要還是基於對外部環境不確定性之風險考量，傾向將資產、Know-how保留在公司內部，另在採合資模式時更會將取得控制權與否列為重要評估項目。 四、廠商對政府之期待與建議仍著重在實質獎勵機制或財務支持，但也有廠商表達，不會因政府優惠政策而影響其海外發展策略，認為政府在國際上的地位嚴峻，反而強調廠商間之上下游整合，共同進行產業輸出，提升創造優勢。

This study aims to analysis the strategy of stepping in emerging market for Taiwan circular economic industry. The purposes of this study are (1) to explore the motivation and purpose of exporting circular economy industry, (2) to explore the key success factors of exporting circular economy industry, (3) to explore the export model adopted by the circular economy industry and (4) to provide a reference for promoting the circular economy industry and the government to formulate policies in the future. In this study, a qualitative survey of interviews with experts was adopted and semi-structured questionnaire was used to ensure the research direction and flexibility. Two research objects, Energy from Waste and Resource Recycling, are chosen in this study and the information were collected from eight sectors, including energy from waste, solvent, plastic container, tire, paper container, lamp and battery, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The destination of exporting is emerging market. Below are the conclusions of this study: 1. There are three main export motivations for circular economy industry: Policy, market size and culture. If there is no policy or recycling fund to support it, companies are afraid of enter the market and don’t expect the business will be developed successfully. 2. The three key factors of success for the circular economy industry prior to export are technology, local relations, and the ability to meet local needs. The companies are proud of their technical capability and believe that the outstanding technical capability can bring more business development opportunities. Regarding the importance of brand and company size, the result shows that there is discrepancy between Energy from Waste and Resource Recycling sector. The former mainly serves the government, and its facilities scale and technical requirements are relatively high. The brand can create advantages and more business opportunities for them. 3. The two main strategic models adopted by the circular economy industry for exporting are joint ventures and technical services. Considering the uncertainty of the external environment companies tend to keep assets and know-how inside the company. In addition, when the joint venture model is adopted, the control authority will be listed as an important assessment item. 4. Companies' expectations and suggestions on the government still focus on real incentives or financial support. However, some companies have expressed that government policies will not affect their overseas development strategies. Because Taiwan’s awkward international status, they will more focus on vertical integration, and jointly carry out industry export to create the advantages.