震動對邊坡顆粒流行為之研究:理論及實驗方法

Abstract

地震會影響邊坡的穩定性並導致邊坡滑落。本論文致力於探討地震對邊坡穩定性之影響，結合理論和實驗的方法以模擬在地震發生時，邊坡形貌的變化及顆粒流的運動模式。在理論部分，以質量、動量及動能守恆方程式為基礎，利用深度積分簡化顆粒流方程式，並驗證理論方法之可行性，再應用到模擬地震的方程式，將顆粒流方程式及深度積分方程式建立成數值計算模式，相互比較驗證，並進一步推導出加速度、通量和坡度之關係式。在實驗部分，利用振動台模擬地震波進行一系列實驗，將影像進行座標轉換及移除位移之校正後，再使用影像方法分析顆粒之流動形態，並觀察在振動情況下，物理量隨時間之變化。最後由實驗與理論之比較結果，發現在觀察通量及斜坡角度的關係時，實驗與理論模擬的結果有相似的趨勢，能夠幫助觀察及預測振動對邊坡之影響。

Earthquakes can affect the stability of slope and trigger landslides. In this study, both theoretical and experimental analysis are used to comprehend the flows behavior of the slope under seismic conditions. Though theory, we develop a depth-integrated equations with the assumption of conservation of kinetic energy, mass and momentum. To solve the granular flow equations, we derive the numerical models from the local equations and the depth-integrated equations. A series of experiments is conducted on a shaking table, which can simulate the seismic vibration. We use the images from experiments and the particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) method to acquire the velocity fields, the depth of flow layer and the time-evolving variables. Using these approach, we develop a model that can be used to estimate the behavior of slope under seismic conditions. Through the theory and experiment results, we can know more about the mechanism of landslides once the shaking conditions are given.