不同情緒下對景觀類型傾向及其心理效益之研究

Abstract

在不同的事件與情況下，情緒每天有不同的波動。在面臨不同的情緒來臨時， 我們透過原先過往經驗、回憶與認知想法，抑或是情緒上的自我調節，去尋求不同 的有助益的行為。過去有大部分的研究證實對大眾提供自然環境是相對於人工都 市環境更讓人有恢復效益的，透過環境的知覺刺激而讓人有感知，以由下而上的認 知模式獲得恢復效益。但少部份是從有上而下的認知模式進行探討，以個人的需求 面與認知去了解，我們在這個情緒想要前往的環境是什麼?而在過往的研究文獻 中也指出在每個人喜歡的地點(Favorite Place)其恢復經驗是更較為顯著的，可能會 透過提取不同的回憶和認知，而憑藉其情緒和感受去這個地方尋求恢復效益。因此 本研究欲從首先欲探討在不同的情緒導向下，我們所渴求的環境會不會依據不同 情緒狀態而有所傾向。再探討滿足其需求面所提供的景觀環境之後，其心理效益益 是否有所提升。 本研究採用照片問卷調查，首先以 Pratt Russell 所提及的情緒體驗中兩條軸 線—愉悅(Pleasant)與喚起(Arousal)中提取四種情緒:興奮(Exciting) 、放鬆 (Relaxing) 、憂鬱(Gloomy)、煩亂(Distressing)， 並以情境故事導入上述情緒。受 測者以此情緒進行對於不同景觀類型:自然樹林景觀、自然水體景觀、都市景觀、 鄉村景觀等，進行情緒導向下對於景觀傾向的評分，並請受測者填寫自評式心理問 卷以了解在受測者在此情緒下，若能體驗到所需求的景觀環境，其知覺恢復力、情 緒體驗、靈感啟發、回憶及偏好等所會獲得的心理效益，並在最後階段蒐集其個人 特質與基本資料。 本研究以線上問卷進行發放，共發放 810 份問卷，而其中有效樣本為 653 份。 本研究發現為受測者對於景觀類型的傾向會受到情緒而有差異。在我們在放鬆情 緒時，比憂鬱情緒的人，更會選擇傾向去自然樹林環境;在感到放鬆時，比起煩躁 的情緒，更會傾向去鄉村景觀環境;而在含有正向情緒興奮和放鬆時會比負向情緒:煩躁和憂鬱的情緒更會傾向前往都市環境。而對於青少年時期的居住地、自然導向、自然休閒興趣跟生理狀況等個人特質會影響其對景觀類型的傾向程度。而且 研究也證實在越傾向的景觀環境中，其與所獲得的心理效益呈正相關。在未來若能 從使用者的需求面出發，以了解不同情緒所需求的景觀環境，必能更近一步了解人 與自然的相互關係。

Emotion has been recognized as a central element of human behavior. Under different incidents or situations, emotion fluctuated daily. When facing different emotions, we will try to regulate our emotions by doing some instrumental action, maybe relying on the experience, memories, or cognition that we used to get the psychological assistant. Most of the research suggested that the natural environment is more helpful for human- being relative to the urban environment. We got from the perceptual stimulation of the environment, the bottom-up processing, for psychological benefits. However, less research back to the user-oriented to discuss what kind of environment I want to experience from now in this emotion. So, in this research, we try to explore what does the landscape types tendency that we want to experience in this momentary emotion. Furthermore, will the benefits increase when we meet the demand? The research used the questionnaire method to explore four kinds of emotion— exciting, relaxing, gloomy, and distressing to landscape tendencies. The landscape types are about nature water, nature tree, rural landscape, and urban landscape. respondents were asked to fill out a self-evaluation psychological questionnaire to understand the perceived restoration, emotional experience, and inspiration scale, memories, and preference. After rendering all the landscape photos, we collect the personal characteristics and basic information in the final stage. The research distributed the survey online. A total of 810 questionnaires were distributed, of which 653 were valid samples. This study found that the subject’s tendency towards landscape types will be restrained by emotions. When we feel relaxed, we tend to go to the natural forest environment more than people who feel gloomy. While we feel relaxed, we tend to go to the rural landscape environment than the distressing mood. More surprising, in contrast to the person in negative emotion-gloomy and distressing, the people in positive emotion-excitement and relaxation, tend to travel to urban environments. Personal characteristics such as residential area, nature orientation, natural leisure interest, and physiological conditions in adolescence will affect the degree of inclination towards landscape types. And research also confirmed that the more tendencies in different kinds of landscape environment, it is positively correlated with the psychological benefits obtained. In the future, if we consider user-oriented to understand the landscape environment requirement by different emotions, we will be able to understand the relationship between man and nature more closely.