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標題: | 植物工場水耕結球萵苣養液、相對濕度與光質之研究 Study on the Nutrient Solution, Relative Humidity, and Light Quality of Hydroponic Iceberg Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) Grown in Plant Factory |
作者: | Yu-Zhen Chen 陳昱禎 |
指導教授: | 羅筱鳳(Hsiao-Feng Lo) |
關鍵字: | 養液電導度,低鉀萵苣,鉀/鈣,頂燒症,發光二極體, electric conductivity,low-potassium lettuce,K/Ca,tipburn,light-emitting diode, |
出版年 : | 2017 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 結球萵苣(Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.)為世界重要生菜作物,臺灣夏季炎熱不適生產,若能於植物工場內生產結球萵苣,則可望於夏季替代進口。萵苣頂燒症為葉片局部缺鈣引起之生理障礙,其葉緣壞疽常造成嚴重經濟損失。本研究於國立臺灣大學完全人工光型植物工場水耕結球萵苣‘常利6號’,探討養液電導度、養液鉀鈣濃度比率、採收前更換為低鉀養液、相對濕度與發光二極體(light-emitting diole, LED)光質對其產量與品質之影響。
結球萵苣水耕養液配方參考自Lee et al. (2013),藉由改變養液濃度調整養液電導度(electric conductivity, EC)為0.8、1.2與1.6 dS·m-1,葉球鮮重隨EC值上升而增加,1.6 dS·m-1組葉球有最大鮮重345.8 g與結球緊度0.39 g·cm-3以及適於採收之硬度18.1 N,但維生素C與總可溶性固形物含量下降。於定植後1~21日(days after transplanting, DAT),養液電導度使用1.2 dS·m-1,並於22~42 DAT分別調整養液電導度為1.2、1.6與2 dS·m-1;2 dS·m-1組葉球鮮重351.1 g較1.2 dS·m-1組之297.2 g顯著增加。栽培全程1.6 dS·m-1組以及於定植22天從1.2 dS·m-1調整至2 dS·m-1組之最高產量相近,但考量操作便利度,建議栽培全程以養液EC 1.6 dS·m-1。 臺灣腎臟病患者比例高,其飲食須限制鉀攝取量,低鉀蔬菜有其市場。水耕結球萵苣降低其養液鉀量至75%或50%,並搭配3種鈣量100%、150%與200%,共6種組合之葉球鉀含量皆顯著降低至80 mg·100 g-1 FW以下,硝酸鹽含量亦減少,且葉球鮮重皆與對照組無顯著差異;其中75% K 150% Ca組與50% K 200% Ca組之葉球頂燒症輕微,具販售價值,且其葉球鈉含量分別僅較對照組增加1.1與6.1 mg·100 g-1 FW,故適合用以栽培低鉀結球萵苣。 結球萵苣‘常利6號’於1~16 DAT日間相對濕度為62%~72%時,其葉片無頂燒症發生;1~16 DAT日間相對濕度低於62%栽培時,新葉發生嚴重頂燒症;而栽培全程平均日間相對濕度高於70%以上時,頂燒症亦嚴重。故‘常利6號’適合栽培之日/夜間相對濕度為62%~70%/80%~90%。 結球萵苣‘常利6號’以全紅光LED栽培,植株生長不良、葉球亦小;提高藍光LED比率至R:B為12:1、8:1、4:1與1:1,對展開葉片數或葉球鮮重皆無顯著影響。於光合作用光子通量密度(photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD)200 µmol·m-2s-1,將LED R:B:G為4:1:0之24%紅藍光更換為綠光,使R:B:G成為4:1:1.6,植株生長性狀不受影響,但硝酸鹽與維生素C含量皆顯著降低。以LED處理栽培42日後,產量皆在233 g以下,亦不如以螢光燈栽培者。 綜之,於完全人工光型植物工場內,以400 µmol·m-2s-1 PPFD之螢光燈栽培結球萵苣‘常利6號’,明/暗期為8 h/16 h,日/夜氣溫為24℃/20℃,適合之Lee養液電導度為1.6 dS·m-1;而控制日/夜相對濕度於62%~72%/80%~90%有助於減緩頂燒症,可望周年量產替代臺灣夏季進口。若調整1.2 dS·m-1之Lee養液鉀鈣量至50% K 200% Ca或75% K 150% Ca,可生產低鉀含量、低頂燒症與鈉含量之葉球予腎臟病患者食用。 Iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) is an important salad crop in the world. Iceberg lettuce can’t be grown in Taiwan in summer due to high temperature. The iceberg lettuce grown in the artificial lighting plant factory is expected to replace those imported in summer. Tipburn in lettuce is a physiological disorder associated with local calcium deficiency. The necrosis of tipburn margin may cause serious economic loss. This research aimed on the effect of electric conductivity (EC), potassium and calcium concentration ratio in nutrient, lowered potassium concentration in nutrient before harvest, relative humidity (RH), and light quality of light-emitting diode (LED) on the yield and quality of iceberg lettuce ‘Chang-Li No. 6’ cultivated hydroponically in artificial lighting plant factory of National Taiwan University. The hydroponic nutrient formula for iceberg lettuce ‘Chang-Li No.6’ is modified from Lee et al. (2013). EC of nutrient solutions were altered to 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 dS·m-1 by changing the dilution rate of stock. The yield increased with raised EC. Leafy head of iceberg lettuce cultivated in nutrient solution with 1.6 dS·m-1 showed the highest fresh weight 345.8 g, density 0.39 g·cm-3, and firmness 18.1 N of head which are appropriate to harvest. Iceberg lettuce were grown with EC 1.2 dS·m-1 during 1~21 DAT and followed by EC 1.2, 1.6, and 2 dS·m-1 during 22~42 DAT. The fresh weight of leafy head in 2 dS·m-1 treatment increased significantly to 351.1 g comparing to 297.2 g in 1.2 dS·m-1 treatment. The result could be applied to promote production of iceberg lettuce. Iceberg lettuce grown with 1.6 dS·m-1 during whole cultivation, or 1.2 dS·m-1 followed by 2 dS·m-1 exhibited similar yield. Considering the ease of operation, producing iceberg lettuce with EC 1.6 dS·m-1 during whole cultivation period is recommended. As the proportion of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in Taiwan is increasing. Low potassium lettuce could fit for potassium restriction in their diet and has market demands. Potassium amounts in nutrient solution were lowered to 75% and 50% combining with calcium amount of 100%, 150%, and 200%. The potassium contents of leafy head of iceberg lettuce reduced to less than 80 mg·100 g-1 FW. Among the treatments, the tipburn severity in 75% K 150% Ca and 50% K 200% Ca treatments are slight. The sodium contents of head in these two treatments only increased 1.1 mg·100 g-1 FW and 6.1 mg·100 g-1 FW, respectively. Hence, 75% K 150% Ca and 50% K 200% Ca treatments are suitable for producing iceberg lettuce with low potassium and sodium contents. The iceberg lettuce ‘Chang-Li No. 6’ cultivated in day RH 62%~72% during 1~16 DAT is absent from tipburn. When day RH is less than 62% during 1~16 DAT, young leaves showed tipburn. When average day RH in whole cultivation period was higher than 70%, the plant exhibited serious tipburn. Hence, ‘Chang-Li No. 6’ should be cultivated in day/night RH of 62%~70%/80%~90%. Iceberg lettuce ‘Chang-Li No.6’ grew poorly and formed small head under red LED. Raising the ratio from R:B 12:1 to 1:1 had no impact to the number of expanded leaves and the fresh weight of head. Replacing 24% of red and blue LED in R:B:G 4:1:0 with 200 µmol·mol-2s-1 to green LED resulting R:B:G 4:1:1.6 did not affect the growth characters of lettuce, but reduced nitrate and vitamin C contents significantly. The fresh weights on 42-DAT of the leafy head under LED were lower than 233 g and other treatments of florescent light. In conclusion, culturating iceberg lettuce ‘Chang-Li No. 6’ in artificial lighting plant factory with 400 µmol·mol-2s-1 PPFD of fluorescent light, light/dark 8 h/16 h, and day/night temperature 24℃/20℃, the appropriate electric conductivity of Lee nutrient is 1.6 dS·m-1. Day/night RH of 62%~72%/80%~90% lowers tipburn occurrence. Iceberg lettuce is expected to cultivate year-round in artificial lighting plant factory to replace those imported to Taiwan in summer. With EC 1.2 dS·m-1, by altering potassium and calcium amounts of Lee nutrient to 75% K 150% Ca or 50% K 200% Ca, iceberg lettuce head with low potassium and sodium contents and tipburn severity could be produced for CKD patients. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/77916 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201702872 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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