跨國宗教活動關鍵成功因素 —以藏傳佛教「噶舉大祈願法會」為案例

Abstract

噶舉大祈願法會是藏傳佛教一個擁有超過500年歷史的國際大型活動，至今法會規模盛大，有超過50多國人民前來參與，超越文化、政治，甚至宗教信仰，是名符其實的跨國萬人宗教活動。然而，在祈願法會悠久的歷史中，從未有學術研究針對祈願法會的成功下定義，也未有祈願法會關鍵成功因素的相關研究。本研究使用兩份問卷調查探討參與者的參與動機和祈願法會關鍵成功因素。參與動機方面，出家人的前三項主要參與動機分別為祈願世界和平、聆聽法王開示、想幫法王做事；在家人的前三項主要參與動機分別為聆聽法王開示、朝禮拜見法王、祈願世界和平；志工的前三項主要參與動機分別為想幫法王做事、付出，讓活動可以順利進行、朝禮拜見法王。祈願法會前五項關鍵成功因素分別為開示課程內容充實、法會期間十多國語言的即席口譯、《大祈願課誦本》翻譯為不同語言、活動主題清楚、法王給予開示課程。提升心中善念最重要的成功關鍵因素是與法王互動與交流，尤其是聆聽法王開示。本研究的結果可以做為日後舉辦祈願法會的參考，也可作為之後研究的一個開端。

The Kagyu Monlam is a multinational event that has been held for more than 500 years. Attendees of the Kagyu Monlam come from more than 50 countries and the event transcends cultures, nations, and even religions. However, in all its long history, no academic research has ever defined the event's success or the factors behind it. This study used two surveys to examine the motivations of attendees and key success factors of the event. The three main motivations for monks were: to pray for world peace, to listen to the teachings of His Holiness, to work for His Holiness; for laypersons: to listen to the teachings of His Holiness, to meet with His Holiness, to pray for world peace; for volunteers: to work for His Holiness, to contribute to help the event run smoothly, to meet with His Holiness. Key success factors of the event were: rich and solid programs, real time oral translations, translations of the Monlam Prayer Book, clear themes for events, listening to the teachings of His Holiness. The most important factor for enhancing the goodness in the hearts of attendees was interaction with His Holiness, particularly listening to the teachings of His Holiness. The results of this study can serve as a reference for future Kagyu Monlam events and other studies.