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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
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dc.contributor.advisor | 沈聖峰(Sheng-Feng Shen) | |
dc.contributor.author | Yi-Sheng Shih | en |
dc.contributor.author | 施怡伸 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-19T17:48:11Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2022-08-01 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-19T17:48:11Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2018-03-02 | |
dc.date.issued | 2018 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2018-02-10 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/7623 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 動物會形成群體,藉由成員之間的合作得到利益,但同時也會因利益分配而產生衝突。了解社會動物如何解決衝突以維持群體的穩定,是了解動物社會行為演化的關鍵。親屬選擇理論 (kin selection theory) 預測個體會與傾向與親戚合作,然而許多研究發現衝突反而也會發生在親戚之間。相對於非親戚,親戚間是否因衝突後可獲得較高的直接利益或代價較低,因而能解釋親戚間衝突的存在,仍需進一步探討。灰頭織巢鳥 (Pseudonigrita arnaudi) 為行合作生殖的鳥類,母鳥擴散而形成父系的階層式社會,其中踢蛋行為 (conflict egg-tossing) 是成員間衝突的重要形式。我們於2012 - 2017年記錄織巢鳥繁殖、踢蛋事件和社會網絡資料,比較踢蛋後的繁殖狀態作為判斷衝突獲得的繁殖利益,並檢視群內親緣關係對群內衝突程度的影響。結果顯示群內親緣關係越高,群內平均衝突程度 (平均踢蛋次數) 越高。踢蛋者在踢蛋後繁殖的比例較高,親戚間的社會互動關係不受踢蛋事件影響,個體平均子代數也不變。反之,踢蛋發生在非親戚間時,個體互動頻率降低,平均個體子代數降低,顯示與親戚衝突的代價較小。進一步利用假巢放置假蛋以觀察踢蛋行為,公鳥親緣關係高的群,踢蛋者比例亦較高,支持自然巢的結果。本研究發現在親屬選擇理論的架構下,若衝突的利益和代價隨著衝突雙方的親緣關係改變,在衝突的直接利益高或代價較低的情形下,親戚間的衝突便仍會發生。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | While living in groups has benefits for animals, conflict could arise over the share of resources among group members. Understanding the mechanism of conflict resolution is key to explaining evolution of sociality. Kin selection theory predicts that individuals would prefer to cooperate with kin for acquiring indirect benefits. However, conflict among kin is still common and awaits more detailed examination. Conflict among kin may occur when direct benefits are high and incurred costs are insignificant. We studied grey-capped social weavers (pseudonigrita arnaudi) to investigate the costs and benefits associated with conflict behavior (i.e., egg tossing). Grey-capped social weavers are cooperatively breeding birds where females disperse and males stay and form kin-based groups. We collected data on breeding, egg tossing and social networks from 2012 to 2017 in order to understand reproductive benefits and social interactions after conflict tossing. We found that the conflict level (per capita tossing events) is higher in groups with higher relatedness among males. The proportion of breeding attempts after tossing is higher in the egg tossers than in the non-tossers in the groups, which suggests a direct benefit of tossing. In addition, social interactions remained at the same level after tossing in the groups with high relatedness among males, which suggests the inherent cost in conflict is low for kin. In contrast, social interactions and per capita productivity decreased after tossing in the groups with low relatedness among males. We further tested the consequences of tossing by inducing tossing events with fake eggs in fake nests. The groups with more related males also had higher proportions of tossers in the fake nest experiment. Our study suggests that though kin cooperation is well recognized, conflict among kin could still occur when cost is low and direct benefits are high. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-19T17:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-107-R03b44017-1.pdf: 997985 bytes, checksum: dca51c6e83b266e38a9d90eadb2474b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 謝誌I
摘要III AbstractsIV 目錄VI 圖目錄IX 前言1 材料與方法4 一、研究地點4 二、研究物種4 三、野外工作5 (一)巢樹和鳥巢編號及定位5 (二)繫放測量及採血樣6 (三)每日探巢及地面踢蛋樣本採集6 (四)織巢鳥社會網絡資料及繁殖期事件蒐集7 (五)假巢實驗8 四、分子生物分析8 (一)DNA萃取8 (二)性別鑑定9 (三)親緣關係鑑定9 五、社會網絡資料處理及繁殖群分群10 (一)鳥進出巢資料處理10 (二)繁殖期社會網絡與繁殖群11 (三)定義繁殖對13 六、社群概況分析13 (一)計算族群性別比和平均親緣關係13 (二)計算白天及夜棲繁殖群的平均親緣關係14 七、自然巢衝突結果分析14 (一)定義自然巢衝突踢蛋事件14 (二)白天繁殖群內衝突程度的影響因子15 (三)比較自然巢踢蛋發生後的繁殖情形16 (四)比較踢蛋發生前後踢蛋者與群成員互動關係16 (五)分析群內衝突程度與親緣關係對個體平均子代數的影響17 八、假巢實驗結果分析17 (一)繁殖季雨量對假巢有發生踢蛋的比例的影響17 (二)白天繁殖群內踢蛋者比例的影響因子18 結果19 一、灰頭織巢鳥的社群概況19 (一)族群概況與親緣關係19 (二)繁殖群與親緣關係20 二、自然巢衝突踢蛋21 (一)踢蛋者特徵及與被踢蛋繁殖對關係21 (二)影響群內衝突發生的因子22 (三)衝突踢蛋後的繁殖情形22 (四)踢蛋發生前後踢蛋者與群成員互動關係23 (五)群內衝突程度與親緣關係對個體平均子代數的影響24 三、假巢實驗24 (一)繁殖季雨量影響發生踢蛋事件假巢之比例24 (二)影響繁殖群中踢蛋者比例的因子25 (三)假巢佔據行為25 討論26 參考文獻29 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 灰頭織巢鳥群內繁殖衝突之研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Within-group Conflict in the Cooperatively Breeding Grey-capped Social Weaver (Pseudonigrita arnaudi) | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 106-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 王慧瑜(Hui-Yu Wang),林思民(Si-Min Lin),黃文山(Wen-San Huang) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 社會衝突,親屬選擇理論,合作生殖,灰頭織巢鳥,踢蛋, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | social conflict,kin selection theory,cooperatively breeding,grey-capped social weaver,egg tossing, | en |
dc.relation.page | 43 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201800449 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2018-02-10 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 |
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