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標題: | 台灣中海拔山區森林鳥類群聚結構與環境因數之關係 The Relationships between Avian Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Mature Forests of mid-Elevation Mountain Areas in Taiwan |
作者: | Hau-Jie Shiu 許皓捷 |
關鍵字: | 鳥類,群聚生態,海拔,生態同功群,多變數分析,植群, bird,community ecology,elevation,guild,multivariate analysis,vegetation, |
出版年 : | 1995 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本研究係探討台灣中海拔山區森林鳥類群聚結構與環境因數之關係。自1994年3月下旬至6月中旬,分別於台灣北部的插天山自然保留區、中部沙?仙溪流域的玉山國家公園生態保護區及南部的北大武山針闊葉樹自然保護區進行,共設置60個取樣點,以不定半徑圓圈法進行繁殖季的森林烏類密度調查,每一取樣點並設置10 公尺×10 公尺樣區進行植群調查及量取27項環境因數。鳥類的覓食場所、覓食方式及食性則主要引用自以往的研究報告。 研究期間共記錄到20科56種鳥類及37科110種木本植物。以鳥類密度做群集分析,可將各取樣點依所在樣區位置歸併為8個鳥類群聚,除北部樣區與中部樣區位於針闊葉混淆林之取樣點分別歸屬於兩個鳥類群聚外,其餘取樣點分類結果與植群形相(physiognomy)相符。鳥類密度及植群資料分別以降趨對應分析法(detrended correspondence analysis)分析,環境因數測量值以主成份分析法分析;排序結果及海拔高度再以路徑分析及無母數統計方法檢測,結果發現海拔是影響鳥類群聚結構變異的主要環境因數,植群組成及植群形相亦會影響鳥類群聚結構,惟不若海拔重要,樓地結構對鳥類群聚則沒有顯著的影響。 56種鳥類依據覓食場所、覓食方式及食性之差異,可分為11個生態同功群。地理景觀類似的鳥類群聚,其生態同功群之分佈及分配比例亦類似。有關不同群聚間鳥類生活史之差異,則有待進一步的研究。 I studied the factors that determining bird community structures of mid-elevation (1500-2500 meters) mountain forests in Taiwan. Sixty sampling sites that cover latitude and habitat gradients were located at Chitianshan Nature Preserve (25N), Shalishian valley of Yushan National Park (23.5N), and Peitawushan Nature Reserve (22.5N). Breeding bird densities were estimated from late March to mid-June 1994 using variable circular-plot method. To characterize bird habitat, I measured 27 vegetation and environmental factors using a grid plot (10 m by 10 m) for each sites. Bird species were grouped into guilds based on life history such as diets, foraging behavior, and foraging location data for each species collected from literatures. Multivariate analyses and ordination techniques, i.e., cluster analysis, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and path analysis, were used to detect the structure and composition of avian community. I recorded 56 bird and 110 tree species. Eight avian communities were delineated from bird density data using a cluster analysis. Except the sites from the mixed forests in the northern and central Taiwan, avian communities are correlated with vegetation types (physiognomy). Path analysis shows that elevation is the major factor determining avian community structures along the latitude gradient. Vegetation structure and physiognomy also contribute to the explanation, but the microhabitat differences show no significant effect. Eleven guilds were formed using a cluster analysis. In general, the distribution and allotment of guild in similar forest landscapes show similar pattern. This study found that bird species found at different avian communities show certain life history adaptation, and further study is needed. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/76103 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 動物學研究所 |
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