請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/76103
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.author | Hau-Jie Shiu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 許皓捷 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-01T08:18:05Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-07-01T08:18:05Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 1995 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 丁宗蘇.1993. 玉山地區成熟林之鳥類群聚生態.碩士論文.台灣大學.臺北.
王立志.1987.台灣北部烏來地區天然植群之多變數分析.碩士論文.台灣大學.臺北. 林清山.1988.多變項分析統計法.東華書局.臺北. 鹿兒陽.1991.北大武山針闊葉樹自然保護區植群生態之研究.碩士論文.台灣大學..臺北. 郭城孟.1988.玉山國家公園東埔玉山區維管束植物細部調查(二).內政部營建署玉山國家公園管理處.南投. 陳子英.1994.台灣北部楠櫧林帶櫧木林型主要樹種天然更新方式之研究.博士論文.台灣大學.臺北. 陳得康.1994.溪頭地區鳥類種間資源利用區隔之研究.碩士論文.台灣師範大學.臺北. 翟鵬.1977.台灣.台灣鳥類生態隔離的研究.碩士論文.東海大學.台中. 鍾年鈞.1994.台灣中部沙?仙區植群生態與保育特性之研究.博士論文.台灣大學.臺北. 顏重威.1989.從台灣生物地理探討鳥類相.台灣動物地理淵源研討會專集.臺北市立動物園.臺北. 蘇鴻傑.1979.台灣北部烏來一小集水區闊葉樹林群落生態之研究(四)分析取樣法中植物社會介量之研究.台大實驗林研究報告 123:173-196. 蘇鴻傑.1986.植群生態多變數分析法之研究Ⅰ:原始資料檔案之編製.中華林學季刊 19:87-103. 蘇鴻傑.1987a.森林生育地因數及其定量評估.中華林學季刊 20:l-14. 蘇鴻傑.1987b.植群生態多變數分析法之研究Ⅲ :降趨對應分析及相關分佈序列法.中華林學季刊 20:45-68. 蘇鴻傑.1992.台灣之植群:山地植群帶與地理氣候區.中央研究院植物研究所專刊11:39-53. 蘇鴻傑、王立志.1988.台灣北部南勢溪上游集水區之森林植群.台灣大學農學院實驗林報告 2:89-100. 劉棠瑞、蘇鴻傑.1983.森林植物生態學.台灣商務印書館.臺北. Anderson, B. W., R. D. Ohmart, and J. Rice. 1981. Seasonal changes in avian densities and diversities. Studies in Avian Biology 6:262-264. Begon, M., J. L. Harper, and C. R. Townsend. 1990. Ecology: individuals, populations, and communities. 2nd edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Brookline Village, Massachusetts, USA. Berkman, H. E., and C. F. Rabenin. 1987. Effects of siltation on stream fish communities. Environmental Biology of Fishes 18:285-294. Best, L. B. 1981. Seasonal changes in detection of individual bird species. Studies in Avian Biology 6:252-261. Bibby, C. J., N. D. Burgess, and D. A. Hill. 1992. Bird census techniques. Academic Press, London, Great Britain. Christensen, K. M., and T. G. Whitham. 1993. Impact of insect herbivores on competition between birds and mammals for pinyon pine seeds. Ecology 74:2270-2278. Cody, M. L. 1974. Competition and the sturcture of bird communities. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. Cody, M. L. 1983. The land birds. Pages 210-245 in Case, T. J., and M. L. Cody, editors. Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortez. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA. Connell, J. H. 1975. Some mechanisms producing structure in natural communities: a model and evidence from field experiments. Pages 460-490 in M. L. Cody, and J. M. Diamond, editors. Ecology and evolution of communities. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Dawson, D. K. 1981. Sampling in rugged terrain. Studies in Avian Biology 6:311-315. Dawson, W. R. 1981. Adjustments of Australian birds to thermal conditions and water scarcity in arid zones. Pages 1651-1674 in A. Keast, editor. Ecological Biogeography of Australia. W Junk, USA. Dawson, W. R. 1984. Physiological studies of desert birds: present and future considerations. Journal of Arid Environments 7:133-155. Day, F. P., and C. D. Monk. 1974. Vegetation patterns on a southern Appalachian watershed. Ecology 55:1064-1074. Digby, P. G. N., and R. A. Kempton. 1987. Multivariate analysis of ecological communities. Chapman and Hall, New York, New York, USA.. Eberhardt, L. L., and J. M. Thomas. 1991. Designing environmental field studies. Ecological Monographs 61:53-73. Edwards, D. K., G. L. Dorsey, and J. A. Crawford. 1981. A comparison of three avian census methods. Studies in Avian Biology 6:170-176. Gill, F. B. 1989. Ornithology. W. H. Freeman Company, New York, New York, USA. Gauch, H. G. 1982. Multivariate analysis in community ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Gorman, O. T. 1988.The dynamics of habitat use in a guild of Ozark minnows. Ecological Monographs 58:1-18. Grinnell, J. 1917. The niche-relationships of the California Thrasher. The Auk 34:427-433. Guillet, A., and T. M. Crowe. 1985. Patterns of distribution, species richness, endemism and guild composition of water-birds in Africa. Afr. J. Ecol. 23:89-120. Haftorn, S. 1978. Energetics of incubation by the Goldcrest Regulus regulus in relation to ambient air temperatures and geographical distribution of the species. Ornis Scandinavica 9:22-30. Hansen, A. J., and D. L. Urban. 1992. Avian response to landscape pattern: the role of species’ life histories. Landscape Ecology 7:163-180. Hutchinson, G. E. 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals American Naturalist 93:145-159. Hayworth, A. M., and W. Weathers. 1984. Temperature regulation and climatic adaptation in Black-billed and Yellow-billed Magpies. The Condor 86:19-26. Hill, M. O. 1979. DECORANA: a fortran program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. Kano, T. 1940. Zoogeographical studies of the Tsugitaka Mountains of Formosa. Shibusawa Institute, Tokyo, Japan. Karr, J. R. 1982. Avian extinction on Barro Colorado Island, Panama: a reassessment. American Naturalist 119:220-239. Kendeigh, S. C. 1944. Measurement of bird populations. Ecological Monographs 14:67-106. Krebs, C. J. 1989. Ecological methodology. Harper & Row, New York, New York, USA. Loehlin, J. C. 1992. Latent variable models: an introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis. 2nd edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, USA. MacArthur, R. H. 1972. Geographical ecology. Harper & Row, New York, New York, USA. MacMahon, J. A., D. J. Schimpf, D. C. Andersen, K. G. Simth, and R. L. Jr Bayn. 1981. An organism-centered approach to some community and ecosystem concepts. Journal of Theoretical Biology 88:287-307. Martin, T. E. 1981. Limitation in small habitat islands: chance or competition The Auk 98:715-734. McNab, B. K. 1973. Energetics and the distribution of vampires. Journal of Mammalogy 54:131-144. Menge, B. A., J. Lubchenco, L. R. Ashkenas, and F. Ramsey. 1986. Experimental separation of effects of consumers on sessile prey in the low zone of a rocky shore in the Bay of Panama: direct and indirect consequences of food web complexity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 100:225-269. Morgan, D. G. 1986. Estimating vertebrate population densities by line transect methods. Melbourne college of advanced education, Melbourne, Australia. Morrison, M. L., B. G. Marcot, and R. W. Mannan. 1992. Wildlife-Habitat relationships: concepts and applications. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Morrison, M. L., R. W. Mannan, and G. L. Dorsey. 1981. Effects of number of circular plots on estimates of avian density and species richness. Studies in Avian Biology 6:405-408. Muller-Dombois, D., and H. Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA. Noon, B. R. 1981. The distribution of an avian guild along a temperature elevational gradient: the importance and expression of competition. Ecological Monographs 51:105-124. Oelke, H. 1981. Limitations of estimating bird populations because of vegetation structure and composition. Studies in Avian Biology 6:316-321. Paton, P. W. C. 1994. The effect of edge on avian nest success: How strong is the evidence Conservation Biology 8:17-26. Patton, D. R. 1992. Wildlife habitat relationships in forested ecosystems. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA. Pielou, E. C. 1984. The interpretation of ecological data: a primer on classification and ordination. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, USA. Price, T. 1991. Morphology and ecology of breeding warblers along an altitudinal gradient in Kashmir, India. Journal of Animal Ecology 60:643-664. Putman, R. J. 1994. Community ecology. Chapman & Hall, London, Great Britain. Ralph, C. J. 1981. An investigation of the effect of seasonal activity levels on avian censusing. Studies in Avian Biology 6:265-270. Repasky, R. R., and D. Schluter. 1994. Habitat distributions of wintering sparrows along an elevational gradinet: tests of food, predation and microhabitat structure hypotheses. Journal of Animal Ecology 63:569-582. Reynolds, R. T., J. M. Scott, and R. A. Nussbaum. 1980. A viriable circular-plot method for estimating bird numbers. The Condor 82:309-313. Robbins, C. S. 1981a. Bird activity levels related to weather. Studies in Avian Biology 6:301-310. Robbins, C. S. 1981b. Effect of time of day on bird activity. Studies in Avian Biology 6:275-286. Rohlf, F. J. 1989. NTSYS-pc: Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Exeter, Setauket, New York, USA. Root, R. B. 1967. The niche exploitation pattern of the blue-gray gnatcatcher. Ecological Monogrphs 37:317-350. Root, T. 1988a. Environmental factors associated with avian distributional boundaries. Journal of Biogeography 15:489-505. Root, T. 1988b. Energy constraints on avian distributions and abundances. Ecology 69:330-339. Rotenberry, J. T., and J. A. Wiens. 1980. Habitat structure, patchiness, and avian communities in North American steppe vegetation: a multivariate analysis. Ecology 61:1228-1250. Sabo, S. R. 1980. Niche and habitat relations in subalpine bird communities of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Ecological Monographs 50:241-259. Salt, G. W. 1953. An ecologic analysis of three California avifaunas. The Condor 55:258-273. Salt, G. W. 1957. An analysis of avifaunas in the Teton Mountains and Jackson Hole, Wyoming. The Condor 59:373-393. Scott, J. M., and F. L. Ramsey. 1981. Length of count period as a possible source of bias in estimating bird densities. Studies in Avian Biology 6:409-413. Scott, J. M., F. L. Ramsey, and C. B. Kepler. 1981. Distance estimation as a variable in estimating bird numbers from vocalizations. Studies in Avian Biology 6:334-340. Simberloff, D., and T. Dayan. 1991. The guild concept and the structure of ecological communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:115-143. Skirvin, A. A. 1981. Effect of time of day and time of season on the number of observations and density estimates of breeding birds. Studies in Avian Biology 6:271-274. Smith, K. G. 1977. Distribution of summer birds along a forest moisture gradient in an Ozark watershed. Ecology 58:810-819. Su, H. J. 1984. Studies on the climate and vegetation types of the natural forests in Taiwan (Ⅱ): altitudinal vegetation zones in relation to temperature gradient. Quarter Journal of Chinese Forestery 17:57-73. Su, H. J. 1985. Studies on the climate and vegetation types of the natural forests in Taiwan (Ⅲ): a scheme of geographical climatic regions. Quarter Journal of Chinese Forestery 18:33-44. Terborgh, J. 1971. Distribution of environmental gradients: theory and a preliminary interpretation of distributional patterns in the avifauna of the Cordillera Vilcabamba, Peru. Ecology 52:23-40. Terborgh, J. 1985. The role of ecotones in the distribution of Andean birds. Ecology 66:1237-1246. Terborgh, J., and J. S. Weske. 1975. The role of competition in the distribution of Andean birds. Ecology 56:562-576. Terborgh, J., and S. Robinson. 1986. Guilds and their utility in ecology. Pages 65-90 in J. Kikkawa, and D. J. Anderson, editors. Community ecology: pattern and process. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Brookline Village, Massachusetts, USA. Vuilleumier, F., and D. Simberloff. 1980. Ecology versus history as determinants of patchy and insular distributions in high Andean birds. Evolutionary Biology 12:235-379. Wagner, J. L. 1981. Seasonal change in guild structure: oak woodland insectivorous birds. Ecology 62:973-981. Waring, R. H., and J. Major. 1964. Some vegetation of the California coastal redwood region in relation to gradients of moisture, nutrients, light, and temperature. Ecology 34:167-215. Whitcomb, R. F., C. S. Robbins, J. F. Lynch, B. L. Whitcomb, K. Klimkiewicz, and D. Bystrak. 1981. Effect of forest fragmentation on avifauna of the eastern deciduous forest. Pages 125-205 in R. L. Burgess, and D. M. Sharpe, editors. Forest island dynamics in man-dominated landscapes. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA. Whittam, T. S., and D. Siegel-Causey. 1981. Species interactions and community structure in Alaskan seabird colonies. Ecology 62:1515-1526. Wiens, J. A. 1974. Climatic instability and the “ecological staturation” of bird communities in North American grassland. The Condor 76:385-400. Wiens, J. A. 1977. On competition and variable environments. The American Scientist 65:590-597. Wines, J. A. 1989a. The ecology of bird communities, Volume 1: foundations and patterns. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Wines, J. A. 1989b. The ecology of bird communities, Volume 2: processes and variations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Wines, J. A., and J. T. Rotenberry. 1981. Habitat associations and community structure of birds in shrubsteppe environments. Ecological Monographs 51:21-41. Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics: the theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, USA. Wilkinson, L. 1988. SYSTAT: the system for statistics. Version 5 edition. SYSTAT, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Zar, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA. Whittam, T. S., and D. Siegel-Causey. 1981. Species interactions and community structure in Alaskan seabird colonies. Ecology 62:1515-1526. Wiens, J. A. 1974. Climatic instability and the “ecological staturation” of bird communities in North American grassland. The Condor 76:385-400. Wiens, J. A. 1977. On competition and variable environments. The American Scientist 65:590-597. Wines, J. A. 1989a. The ecology of bird communities, Volume 1: foundations and patterns. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Wines, J. A. 1989b. The ecology of bird communities, Volume 2: processes and variations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Wines, J. A., and J. T. Rotenberry. 1981. Habitat associations and community structure of birds in shrubsteppe environments. Ecological Monographs 51:21-41. Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics: the theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, USA. Wilkinson, L. 1988. SYSTAT: the system for statistics. Version 5 edition. SYSTAT, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Zar, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/76103 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究係探討台灣中海拔山區森林鳥類群聚結構與環境因數之關係。自1994年3月下旬至6月中旬,分別於台灣北部的插天山自然保留區、中部沙?仙溪流域的玉山國家公園生態保護區及南部的北大武山針闊葉樹自然保護區進行,共設置60個取樣點,以不定半徑圓圈法進行繁殖季的森林烏類密度調查,每一取樣點並設置10 公尺×10 公尺樣區進行植群調查及量取27項環境因數。鳥類的覓食場所、覓食方式及食性則主要引用自以往的研究報告。 研究期間共記錄到20科56種鳥類及37科110種木本植物。以鳥類密度做群集分析,可將各取樣點依所在樣區位置歸併為8個鳥類群聚,除北部樣區與中部樣區位於針闊葉混淆林之取樣點分別歸屬於兩個鳥類群聚外,其餘取樣點分類結果與植群形相(physiognomy)相符。鳥類密度及植群資料分別以降趨對應分析法(detrended correspondence analysis)分析,環境因數測量值以主成份分析法分析;排序結果及海拔高度再以路徑分析及無母數統計方法檢測,結果發現海拔是影響鳥類群聚結構變異的主要環境因數,植群組成及植群形相亦會影響鳥類群聚結構,惟不若海拔重要,樓地結構對鳥類群聚則沒有顯著的影響。 56種鳥類依據覓食場所、覓食方式及食性之差異,可分為11個生態同功群。地理景觀類似的鳥類群聚,其生態同功群之分佈及分配比例亦類似。有關不同群聚間鳥類生活史之差異,則有待進一步的研究。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | I studied the factors that determining bird community structures of mid-elevation (1500-2500 meters) mountain forests in Taiwan. Sixty sampling sites that cover latitude and habitat gradients were located at Chitianshan Nature Preserve (25N), Shalishian valley of Yushan National Park (23.5N), and Peitawushan Nature Reserve (22.5N). Breeding bird densities were estimated from late March to mid-June 1994 using variable circular-plot method. To characterize bird habitat, I measured 27 vegetation and environmental factors using a grid plot (10 m by 10 m) for each sites. Bird species were grouped into guilds based on life history such as diets, foraging behavior, and foraging location data for each species collected from literatures. Multivariate analyses and ordination techniques, i.e., cluster analysis, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and path analysis, were used to detect the structure and composition of avian community. I recorded 56 bird and 110 tree species. Eight avian communities were delineated from bird density data using a cluster analysis. Except the sites from the mixed forests in the northern and central Taiwan, avian communities are correlated with vegetation types (physiognomy). Path analysis shows that elevation is the major factor determining avian community structures along the latitude gradient. Vegetation structure and physiognomy also contribute to the explanation, but the microhabitat differences show no significant effect. Eleven guilds were formed using a cluster analysis. In general, the distribution and allotment of guild in similar forest landscapes show similar pattern. This study found that bird species found at different avian communities show certain life history adaptation, and further study is needed. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-01T08:18:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1995 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ 英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 前言…………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 研究地區 一、北部樣區……………………………………………………………………………………………3 二、中部樣區……………………………………………………………………………………………4 三、南部樣區……………………………………………………………………………………………5 研究方法 一、取樣點設置…………………………………………………………………………………………7 二、鳥類密度估算………………………………………………………………………………………7 三、植群調查及環境因數測量…………………………………………………………………………9 四、鳥類的資源利用類別與方式………………………………………………………………………11 五、資料分析……………………………………………………………………………………………12 結果 一、群聚類型……………………………………………………………………………………………16 二、群聚組成與群聚介量………………………………………………………………………………16 三、群聚變異梯度與樓地因數分析……………………………………………………………………17 四、群聚間的差異性比較………………………………………………………………………………19 五、生態同功群之分類與分佈…………………………………………………………………………21 討論 一、排序及環境因數分析………………………………………………………………………………24 二、鳥類的海拔分佈……………………………………………………………………………………26 三、鳥類群聚類型之分類………………………………………………………………………………31 四、生態同功群之分類與分佈…………………………………………………………………………32 五、鳥類密度估算及植群調查…………………………………………………………………………35 引用文獻……………………………………………………………………………………………………41 圖……………………………………………………………………………………………………………50 表……………………………………………………………………………………………………………63 附錄…………………………………………………………………………………………………………77 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 台灣中海拔山區森林鳥類群聚結構與環境因數之關係 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Relationships between Avian Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Mature Forests of mid-Elevation Mountain Areas in Taiwan | en |
dc.date.schoolyear | 83-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 鳥類,群聚生態,海拔,生態同功群,多變數分析,植群, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | bird,community ecology,elevation,guild,multivariate analysis,vegetation, | en |
dc.relation.page | 98 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 動物學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 動物學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
沒有與此文件相關的檔案。
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。