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標題: | 台灣糞生菌之初步研究 The Preliminary Studies on Coprophilous Fungi in Taiwan |
作者: | Sham-Che Liou 劉獻奇 |
出版年 : | 1977 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 就糞生菌做有系統之研究,本篇於台灣?屬創舉。從民國65年4月至66年1月為止分別依季節觀察17種糞便。糞生菌生長的溫度條件隨種類而異,最適合條件為15?25℃之情況,部份菌具有較廣的適應能力。糞生菌落隨著糞便種類不同而有差別,其中牛、安哥拉羊及兔為最好之實驗材料。動物反芻與否,與菌落之消長關係不大。糞便中最具相似菌落之種類為大象與梅花鹿之糞便。季節對菌落出現頻率之影響為本文之新發現,結果顯示出在台灣季節並未造成太大之限制,唯,部份菌種確實有季節性出現之特性。就整個消長現象而言,室溫情況(15?25℃)下能符合營養因數假說,較低或偏高之情況則否,因此,消長之問題除了需考慮營養因數外尚需考慮外界環境諸因素。本文所發現之糞生菌具有54種。其中:藻菌類(Phycomycetes)8種:Chaetostylum fresenii,Helicostylum piriforme,Mucor corticolus,Pilobelus crystallinus,P. kleinii,P.sphaero sporus 及P.hetercsporus。盤狀菌類(Dscomycetes)22種:Ascebelus crenulatus,A. lineolatus,A.furfuraceus,A.lignatilis, A.machaudii, A. scatigenus, Ascodesmis microscopica, A. nigricans, A. sphaerospora, A. porcina , Coprotus leucopocillum, Coprotus glaucellus, Coprebia granulata, lodophanus carneus, I. durbanensis, I. verrucosporus Saccoblus glaber, S. truncatus, S. minimus,S. citrinus, S. globutiferellus 及S.depaueratus。菌核類(Pyrenomycetes)有17種: Chaetomium globosum, C, caprinum, C. congoensis, C. gangligerum, C. auerum, C. thermophile, C. microcephalum, C. dolichotrichum, Gymnoascus reesii, Lasiosordaria coprophila, Podospora absimilis, P. communis, P. prethopodalis, Serdaria fimicola , S. humana , S. macrospore 及及Zygopheurage zygospora等。1種Loculoascomycetes:Sporormia minima。擔子菌(Basidiomycetes)4種:Coprinus curtus, C. pseudoradiatus , C. radiatus ,及C. stellatus 。不完全菌有2種,Doratomycetes stemonitis及Oedocephalum glomerulosum其中除了Helicostylum piriforme, Mucor corticolus, Pilobolus crystallinus, P. kleinii及Oedocephalum glomerulosum,在台灣其餘菌種皆?新記錄種。本文就子囊菌40種有種的描述及照片。 Fifty four species of Coprophilous fungi form Taiwan are reported here. They are; eight species of Phycomycetes: Chaetostylum fresenii, Helicostylum piriforme, Mucor corticolus, M. globosus, Pilobolus crys-tallinus, P. kleinii,P.sphaeroporus and P. hereosporus; twenty-two species of Discomycetes Ascobolus crenulatus, A. lineolatus, A. fur-furaceus A. lignatilis, A. michaudii, A. scatigenus, Ascodesmis microscopica, A. nigricans, A.sphaerospora, A. porcina, Coprctus leucopocillum, C. glaucellus, Coprobia granulata, lodophanus carneus, I. durbanensis , I. verrucosporus, Baccobolus glaber, S. truncatus, S. minimus, S. S. citrinus, S. globutiferellus and S. depaueratus ; seventeen species of Pyrenomycetes : Chaetomium globosum, C. caprinum, C. congoensis, C. gangligerum, C. auerum, C. thermohile, C. microcephalum, C. dolichotrichum, Gymnoasous reesii, Lasiosordaria coprophila, Podospora absimilis, P. communis, P. prethopodalis, Sordaria fimicola, S. humana, S.- macrospora, and Zygopheurage zygospora ; one species of Loculoascomycetes : Sporormia minima; four species of Basidiomycetes : Coprinuscurtus, C. pseudoradiatus, C. radiatus and C. stellatus ; two species of Deutromycetes : Doratomycetes stemonitis and Oedocephalum glomerulosum.Except Helicostylum piriforme, Mucor corticolus, Pilobolus crystallinus, P. kleinii and. Oedocephalum glomerulosum , other species are all new records from Taiwan. Seventeen types of dungs collected from four different localities and five limitation of inoculating temperature are arranged for the purpose of finding out the relationship between the succession and enviromental factors. The dominant temperature for the succession of Coprophilous fungi is between 15℃ and 25℃. Most dung types have their special fungi. Oxen , rabbit and angola sheep are the most suitable types for the growth of Coprophilous fungi. No obvious relationship between the fungi and the ruminant will be found in this experiment. The most similarity of dung types are elephant and formosan deer. In Taiwan, the seasonal sampling is not obvious difference in fungal succession but some genera are comirant in winter, e. g. Chaetomium , Podospora in summer, e. g. Ascobolus , Saccobolus and Pilobolus. In room temperature ature (15℃-25℃), the succession of Coprophilous fungi is in accordance with the Nutritional hypothesis, but in lower or higher, the succession is irregular. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75979 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 植物科學研究所 |
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