臺北市空中菌類孢子的季節變化

Abstract

一、 中文摘要 臺北市空中的胞子，經過半年來的收集與鑑定，估計至少有46 屬，其中以 Cladosporium, Penicillium,，Pestalotia, Curvularia, Aspergillus , Alternaria , Trichoderma 幾屬為多，數量以Cladosporium最多，佔百分之三十 。 而屬中種數以Penicillium 最多，Aspergillus次之。出現的菌，在分類上包括有接合菌類，子囊菌類，擔子菌類及不完全菌類四大亞門，其中以不完全菌亞門佔絕大多數。在以菌落數估計空中胞子的變化情形時，發現由六十四年九月到六十五年二月，胞子數量有明顯的季節變化，由九月到十二月間胞子數量次第減少，到十二月為最低點，第二年一月以後，胞子又逐漸增加，此與日均溫變化一致，且值冬季陰雨季節，推測胞子密度的降低，是由於低溫及雨水沖洗的眾重效果所致。此外，高度也影響胞子密度，地面胞子多於高處，以一公尺高度與八公尺相較，後者為前者的百分之六十八。－日中胞子數量的變化，根據其高?出現的情形，將其分為暖季晴天型、冷季陰天型、兩次高?型及中間型四類，各屬出現的情形及屬中種數概況，亦略述於文中，並附有已知 46 屬的檢索表及部分圖片說明。

Abstrct After half year’s collection and identification, the air spora of Taipei had been roughly figured. According to author’s calculation , there contained forty — six genera at least, in which Cladosporium , Penicillium, Pestalotia , Curvularia , Aspergillus , Alternaria , Trichoderma , are common, and Cladosporium was the most comnon genus , occupying thirty — percents of the totle number. As for the number of species , Penicilhium contained the most numerous , then , Aspergiilus. Those fungi collected by settle — plate method taxonomically inclt1ed four subdivisions :Zygomycotina , Ascomycotina , Basidiom)rcotina , Deuteromycotina , and Deute roncotina was dominant. When evaluating by the number of colonies , the air spora was found to have conspicuous seasonal variation ; in 1975 , from September to December , the totle number of spores declined, and December was the lest. In coming year Januruary it increased abruptly , and kept the increasive rate to February. After considering the climate factor，the author predicted that the seasonality was the double effect of low temperature and rain-washing , Besides this altitude influence the spore number too,; the quantity of spore of eight meter above ground was sixty-eigtht percent of that of one meter above ground. Daily variation was divided into four types : Warm season Sunny day pattern ; Cold season , cloudy day pattern ; Double peak pattern ; and intermediate pattern. The appearence . time of each genera and species distribution were described briefly in this thesis . The key to forty—six genera and a part of pictures were added as appendix.