臺灣鼠尾草屬植物的生物系統研究

Abstract

Salvia (Labiatae)在台灣，除了S.nipponica var. formosan和S. plebeia外，其他的各種間有複雜的雜交現象。從解剖特性、花粉形態、遺傳性質、花粉可孕度、化學成份以及其他如地理分佈、開花季節等，均一致證明雜交的存在。現發現：S.keitaoensis =S.arisanensis x S.hualiensis. S.dihybrica有二個來源：一為 s.arisanensis x S.hayatana一為S.arisanensis x S.hualiensis. S.tatunensis=S.janpoica subsp taipingshanensis x S.hayatana, S.tatunensis之各族群間，有明顯的introgression. S.tatunensis有部份細胞形成四倍體，在大屯山形成大族群，可能是agamic complex的一種。S.arisanensis, S.hayatana及S.hualiensis三者在遺傳方面甚為相近，而與S.scapiformis及S.japonica subsp. taipingshanensis可能來自同源。 Salvia在臺灣的speciation方式有二：一為hybridization.一為chromosome doubling.運用花青素的色層分析，並輔以胡蘿蔔素之定性及定量分折，可作為Salvia各族群間之雜交指示。由此二種方法所得的結論,可與形態特徵配合。經各種資料分析結果，臺灣Salvia應有8種，1亞種，2變種。其中，新命的計有：3種，l亞種，1變種。

From a morphological study of the Salvia of Formosa, with the except on of S. nipnonica var. formosana an S plebeia, have vary complicated phenotypes within their populations Characters, based on the studies from various fields, such as anatomy, palynology, genetics, chemistry and pollen fertility, in association with geographical distribution and duration of flowering time, have been analyzed. The results tell us that the main source of morphological variation has arisen from hybridization. According to these experiments, the hybrids of Salvia were found to be: S.keitaoensis=S.arisanenis x S.hualiensis. S.dihybriea=S.arisanensis x S.hayatana or S.arisanensis x S.hualiensis. S.tatunensis=S.japonica subsp. taipingshansis x S.hayatana There is a distinct introgression of characters among the populations of S.dihybrica. Allotetraploids were found when observing the pollen mother cells of S.tatunensis, most of the pollen mother cells were diploids; and one population of S.arisanensis (#36) was recognized as a partial autotetraploid, S.arisanensis. S.hayatana and S.hualiensis are more closely genetically related to each other than other Salvia in Formosa. The above three species, together with S.seapiformis and S.iaponiea subsp. taipingshanensis, may be derived from a common stock. There are two types of mechanism for speciation found in Formosan Salvia: the one is hybridization, and the other is chromosome doubling. The evolution of pollen aperture from 6 colpi to 8 colpi, as in S. arisanensis and S. tatunensis, has been proved. Analysis of anthocyanisn by paper chromatography, in connection with quantitative and qualitative analysis of their carotenoids, can be used as an important tool to indicate hybrids of Salvia Based on all avaible data from either observation of experimental analysie, 8 species. 1 subspecies and 2 varieties of Formosan Salvia have been recognized. Of these, 3 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety are considered to be new taxa.