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標題: | 南仁山之植被分析 The Vegetation-Analysis of Nan-Jen-Shan |
作者: | 陳玉峰 |
出版年 : | 1983 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 台灣植被研究發鞠於二十世紀初,迄今有關文獻計有四百餘篇,唯其缺乏探討社會基本單位之分類。本文以南仁山小地區為範圍,使用較徹底的地氈式調查,量化分析單坡面植物種族群分佈變異;同時採用 Braun-Blanquet (1964) 方法對樣區做表格比較(tabular comparison) (Muller-Dombois & Ellenberg, 1974),檢討植被變異事實與表格法在本省實行所遭遇的問題。另外,對社會演替現象提出質疑,將所觀察到的種種現象,加以敘述、解釋。
植物種族群沿著地形梯度作明顯的變異,藉由優勢值物及地形特性可辨識出“地形效應微分布群”。準此,基於優勢型與環境特徵,可將社會分成六種類型,且可類比成直接梯度分析。 定性上的演替檢討指出隨著演替進行,種豐富度增加,變異加大其可能為發散性,更且種族群將進行重排現象與局部遷移,而森林邊際效應為“蛙跳-吞蝕”方式。 時、空變異的探討提供植物種的生態特性,俾供進行列表比較過程的加權作用。而表格法在研究地區的困難處在於種類多,分化種多,樣區均質性與最小面積的要求衝突。解決的方法係訴諸覆驗(Posteriori)校定。即對植物種的生態特性與樣區選擇要有充分的認識與判斷。由此所得出的社會單位為煙火苔-嶺南青剛櫟,希蘭灰木-長尾柯,?春福木-星刺栲,鬼桫欏-江某與野牡丹藤-大葉楠等。其所含之分化種群與環境類型成相關。雖然所分出的單位與純依優勢度來命名有很大的差異,然而後者依種族群的分佈為量化連續體之具體解釋,較易從野外觀察得知;前者依分化種群之定性特徵提供系統分類之可行方向,沒有經驗難以實施,兩者可為互補研究。 The study of the vegetation of Taiwan dates back to the dawn of 20th century. To date, the number of relevant papers is about 400s. Unfortunately, the sampling method and the basic community unit have not been critically used by most investigators. The present study is focused upon a small part of Nan-zen-shan, a well-known species-rich mountain in southern Taiwan. The quantitative variation of plant species population along topographic gradient has been thoroughly examined. The basic units of the communities are classified using Braun-Blanquet's method (Braun-Blanquet 1964) and tabular comparison (Muell-Dombois & Ellenbery 1968). Dynamics of vegetation are also considered. Plant populations vary considerably along a topographic gradient. Despite the disturbance and succession, plant species assemblages which are recognized by dominance are referred to as 'microdistribution group of topographic effect'. The classification of communities basing upon environmental factors and the dominant species should be divided into 6 types. This approach is analogous to the direct gradient analysis. An examination of qualitative succession phenomena reveals that species-richness increases following the different stages. Some species population will undergo rearranging and migration; forest-edge effect is in a way of 'frog-jump and engulfing'. From the studies in time and space the ecological properties of plant species are taken in mind and therefore weighted positively in the following qualitative classification of communities. The problem in the process of tabular comparison is that the number of taxa and candidates of the differential species are too many. One must, therefore, dicide which taxa to use for grouping. Moreover, the requirement of minimal area and that of homogeneity in the sense of Braun-Blanquet's releve are in conflict in the present study. Therefore some weighting and judgement resulted from personal field experience have to be make. The categories thus recognizied are: Carex cruciata-Cyclobalanopsis championii, Cyclobalanopsis championii, Symplocos shilanensis-Castanopsis carlesii, Garcinia multiflora-Castanopsis stellospina, Alsophila podophyll-Schefflera octophlla and Medinilla formosanaPersea japonica. Each of these units has its own differential species group. None of them really signals the end of one group and the start of another. The change, on the whole, is rather gradual. The resulted units, however, coincide with the 6 aforementioned type. The units classified by the tabular method of floristic study are different from those resulted from the dominance-type. From the floristic study, differential species can be used to form a hierarchy. However, they are not readily discernible in the field. The dominance type experssed by quantitative presentation along the topographic gradient is more convenient in showing the population variation. These two approaches, however, are not necessarily in conflict with each other, but rather are closely interacting, complementary approaches in vegetation study. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75467 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 植物科學研究所 |
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