馬祖列島植物地理之研究

Abstract

馬祖列島?台灣地區最北的島嶼，過去因?軍政因素而不易到達，因此有關當地植物資源的調查資料十分欠缺。故本論文選定馬祖列島?研究地區，以(一)建立馬祖列島植物資源之基本資料；(二)分析馬祖列島原生植物地理之分佈，瞭解其地理親緣；(三)分析馬祖與鄰近地區及各主要島嶼間植物之相似性。調查時間從1999年5月至2002年3月底止。以種(species)?單位進行分佈型之分析；馬祖各主要島嶼間之相似性以Czekanowski及Sokal & Michener係數計算，馬祖與鄰近地區之相似性則以黃增泉所提之公式計算。 調查結果得到124科384屬589種植物，其中原生442種分屬於104科314屬。植物生活型90％以上?草本，故馬祖列島的天然植群型態以草生坡地?主。Poaceae、Asteraceae、Fabaceae及Cyperaceae等世界大科，植物種數佔了馬祖地區所有植物種數的30％以上；除了Pteris、Polygonum、Viola、Cyperus、Carex、Fimbristylis等屬內種數在5種以上外，其餘各屬之種數都在四種以下，這可能與各島面積狹小，造成棲地有限有關。 各主要島嶼之相似性以南竿、北竿間（r＝0.72）及東莒、西莒間（r＝0.71）較高，蓋因南竿、北竿間及東莒、西莒間距離較近之故。馬祖列島植物地理之分佈可分?廣泛分佈、熱帶分佈、北溫帶分佈、東亞分佈、及‘特有分佈’等型；其中以熱帶及東亞分佈型居多。馬祖與中國共有的特有種類多於與台灣共有的，且與華南的相似性也比較高，顯示馬祖的植物與中國，特別是中國南部之關係較密切。

Matsu is the northern most islands of Taiwan area. Because of its special military and political situations, it was difficult to set foot on these islands. Therefore, Matsu was short of plant resource investigation. The aims of this study are (1) to set up the basic data of plant resource of Matsu, (2) to understand the phytogeography of native plants of Matsu, and (3) to analyse the relationship between Matsu and its adjacent regions. The study began from May 1999 to March 2002. The analysis unit of distribution pattern was species. The relationships between Matsu islands were calculated by the similarity index of Czekanowski and Sokal & Michener; the relationships between Matsu and its adjacent regions were calculated by the index of common plants. There were 589 species recorded in Matsu, and among them, 442 native species in 314 genera and 104 families. Over 90% of plants were herbaceous in the life form analysis, so that the major natural vegetation type of Matsu is mountain-slope grassland. Plants in Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Cyperaceae were over 30% of total species encounted. Only 6 genera (including Pteris, Polygonum, Viola, Cyperus, Carex and Fimbristylis) in Matsu had more than 5 species, and others had less than 4 species probably resulted from the small areas of each island. The relationships between Nankan and Peikan, and between Tungchu and Hsichu were higher than other island pairs compared because of the shorter distances between Nankan and Peikan, and between Tungchu and Hsichu. The phytogeographical distribution patterns of Matsu plants could divided into 5 types: Cosmopolitan, Tropics, North-temperate, East Asia and Endemic distribution. Tropics and East Asia were the major types. The endemic species of Mainland China shared by Matsu were more than those shared by Matsu and Taiwan. This implied that the stronger relationship between Matsu and Mainland China, especially the southern part of China.