文山植物園真黏菌生物多樣性之研究

Abstract

黏菌在生態上的報告並不多見，主要是在溫帶地區和熱帶地區進行。本實驗自1999年3月~2000年2月於亞熱帶地區的台大文山植物園中進行。依照微環境因數的不同，劃分出3個不同樣區，進行真黏菌的組成及生態方面的研究。研究期間，由野外採集得到30種又6變種的真黏菌，而培養則得到35種又2變種的真黏菌。由野外採集得知Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. descendens、Cribraria cancellata var. cancellata 及Physarum viride 為園內較優勢種。由培養得到的 Diacheopsis sp.為台灣新紀錄屬，另外新紀錄尚有下列7種又3變種： Arcyria margino-undulata Nann.-Brem. & Yamam., Ceratiomyxa fruticutosa var . descenden 、 Emoto, ( Cribraria cancellata var . anomala (Jahn)Y. Yamam. , Cribraria laxa Hagelst., Cribraria tenella var . concinna G . Lister, Diderma deplanatum Fr.，Hemitrichia velutina Nann.-Brem. & Yamam., Licea retiformis Nawawi , Perichaena Pedata (A . & G. Lister ) G . Lister ，和 Physarum braunianum de Bary . °園區中真黏菌的豐富度(abundance)、種豐度(richness)、歧異度(diversity)均與當月的溫度有關，而與降雨量並沒有關係，因此推測溫度可能是此區真黏菌生長之限制因數。不同的棲地類型與基質亦會影響真黏菌之分佈類。而園內的真黏菌組成與南仁山亞熱帶雨林內的組成差異極大。

The investigation of Myxomycete ecology had been conducted primarily in temperate and tropical area, and rarely in subtropical part of the world. The plan was then made to study the species composition and Ecology of Myxomycetes in Wenshan Botanical Garden, a subtropical forest in Taipei County. Three different study areas in this study site were chosen based on their microenvironment for direct field fruiting body collections and moist-chamber culture. During the one-year survey, a total of thirty species and six varieties had been obtained by direct field collection, whereas thirty-five species and two varieties were harvested by moist-chamber cultivation. Among the species collected from the field, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. descendens, Cribraria cancellata var. cancellata and Lycogala exiguum are the three species more predominant. Among the eleven taxas that are new to Taiwan, Diacheopsis is a new genus to Taiwan. The other ten new records are Arcyria margino-undulata, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. descendens, Cribraria cancellata var. anomala, Cribraria laxa, Cribraria tenella var. concinna, Diderma deplanatum, Hemitrichia velutina, Licea retformis, Perichaena pedata, and Physarum braunianum. Species, abundance, richness, and diversity of Myxomycetes in Wenshan Botanical Garden are greatly influenced by the air temperature, but have no direct relationship with the precipitation. Therefore, air temperature is considered a possible factor limiting the growth and the developt of Myxomycetes in Wenshan Botanical Garden. Different types of habitation and substrate also can influence the distribution patterns of Myxomycetes. The species composition in Wenshan Botanical Garden is very different from that in Nanjenshan area, a tropical rain forest in southern part of Taiwan.