臺灣版食物成癮量表發展之研究

Abstract

背景：肥胖是全球與台灣的重要健康問題，過量飲食很有可能是造成肥胖的一個重要因素。近年來有學者以行為成癮概念發展「食物成癮」量表研究「食物成癮」現象，並探討其與肥胖的關係。然而，目前國內很少有人探討食物成癮這個的現象，也缺乏實證研究的良好工具，因此本研究希望能探討這個的議題。 目的：發展台灣版食物成癮量表以研究台灣人之食物成癮現象，檢驗其信效度，了解食物成癮的相關因素，以及與肥胖指標的關聯性。 方法：本研究為橫斷式調查研究，分為三個階段進行。第一階段為量表翻譯及專家內容效度建立，第二階段執行研究收案，針對20歲以上成年人進行網路問卷調查，第三階段為研究分析，以因素分析檢測台灣版食物成癮之構面，以內部一致性信度、聚合及區別效度檢驗其信效度，以Pearson相關、Mann-Whitney U分析其相關因素，多變項線性迴歸分析其與肥胖指標之關聯性。 結果：本研究共取得505份問卷，有效問卷共489份，研究參與者女性佔58.7%，年齡範圍20歲至58歲。本量表具有良好的信效度，包括：內部一致性（Cronbach's α = 0.920）、與暴食症量表聚合效度 (r=0.567)，以及與三因子量表知覺節制構面區別效度(r=-0.15)。因素分析結果為一因素。食物成癮分數與女性、過去有減重經驗關聯性最高，比起於無成癮者顯著攝取更多含碳水化合物食物。食物成癮量表分數與腰圍、體脂肪顯著正相關。另外，當以診斷標準定義食物成癮時(有/無成癮)，其與腰圍、體脂肪亦為顯著正相關。 結論:本研究發展一份能篩檢食物成癮問題、具良好信效度之測量工具。食物成癮與肥胖指標有顯著關係，特別是反應在脂肪的增加上。

Background knowledge: Excessive eating is probably the important cause of obesity, which is a severe health problem both worldwide and in Taiwan. In recent years, researchers have developed the 'food addiction' scale with the concept of behavioral addiction to study the phenomenon of 'food addiction' and discuss the relationship between addiction and obesity. However, there have been relatively few studies regarding food addiction in Taiwan; papers that do discuss this topic lack suitable tools and methods. We hope to make up for this shortfall with our research.

Aims: Develop a Taiwanese version of the food addiction scale and investigate its reliability and validity. We hope to understand the underlying cause of food addiction and determine its relationship with obesity. Methodology: Our study utilizes a three-part cross-section method. In the first part we translate the related scales and develop an expert content validity. Next, we conduct an internet questionnaire survey targeting adults above 20 years old. Finally, we analyze the data we collected and perform factor analysis on the Taiwanese version of the food addiction scale. We utilize internal consistency, discriminant validity and convergent validity to determine the validity of our study. Pearson’s Chi squared test and the Mann-Whitney U test are used to determine the relevant factors, while Multiple Regression Analysis is used to evaluate the correlation between these factors and the obesity index. Results: Out of 505 questionnaires, we obtained 489 effective samples; 58.7% of them were women between 20 to 58 years old. The food addiction scale had very high levels of reliability and validity. Results from internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.920), convergent validity (r=0.567) and three-factor perceptual restraint dimension discriminant validity (r=-0.15) pointed to a single dependent factor. Food addiction score was highly correlated to female and weight loss experience and eat more carbohydrate-containing foods than no addicts. Food addiction scale scores had a strong positive correlation to waistline measurements and body fat percentage. Conclusion: We propose a scale with good reliability and validity that can be used to screen for food addiction. Food addiction is highly correlated to obesity, especially gains in body fat.