帝國邊陲的沖繩家族—南風原一家的移動與其時代

Abstract

台灣與琉球群島的地理相近性，使兩者在歷史上有多次交點，且先後納入日本帝國後，無國界時代使沖繩居民大量來台。然而，台灣文學作品中的沖繩面貌卻模糊且鮮少出現。加上近年日治時期在台沖繩人研究，多集中於底層人民與群體，於是本文選定沖繩來台的南風原家族為對象，以與那原惠《到美麗島：沖繩、臺灣 我的家族物語》一書為基礎文本，從生命史的貼近角度切入，以帝國邊陲者的遷移為觀點，彌合原著因雜誌連載而導致的限制，重新定位不同性別、不同身份的南風原家族成員與台灣之關係。 本文將隨著書中順序推進，以醫師南風原朝保、沖繩第一女優南風原夏子、廣播界聲優南風原里里為研究對象。從南風原朝保進入沖繩醫生教習所學習至閉校、前往東京再轉往西伯利亞，最後來到台灣的過程，看醫制更迭與帝國另一邊陲地為帝國人民所帶來的機會。而朝保在台積極參與愛書會、璞玉（あらたま）短歌社，呈現其有意識打入在台日人圈的背後動機，亦初探戰前台灣唯一沖繩學雜誌《南島》的樣貌。對朝保而言，結識關心沖繩的在台日人，正是往日本中心靠攏以獲得晉升的路徑。 關於南風原家族的女性史，是與那原惠「追尋母親里里在台足跡」的書寫初心。但本文學作品所呈現的資料多為男性歷史，原著在書寫成果與預期間的落差，使得與那原惠僅能以琉球悲傷複雜的歷史感成為主調。本文透過女性自我追尋的觀點，衡量里里與夏子的移動契機，比較母女兩代前往東京的動機、改變與自主性差異。 身處帝國邊陲的沖繩籍邊陲者，透過邊陲——殖民地台灣與中心——東京的雙向移動，帶來原鄉未有的機會與發展。南風原朝保參與在台日人社群、南風原里里因居住兒玉町說話不帶鄉音，亦是一種去沖繩化的過程。本文以邊陲地沖繩移民者的視角，看見帝國疆界對於邊陲者的作用，以及其自我實現與追求，呈現該時代與南風原家族的生命史故事。

Due to their geographic proximity, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands have had many encounters throughout their histories. After one and the other had been incorporated into the Japanese empire, the absence of national borders caused a large number of inhabitants of Okinawa to come to Taiwan. However, Okinawa only vaguely and rarely appears in works of Taiwan literature. Moreover, researches in recent years on Okinawans in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period tend to focus on people and groups from the lower strata of society. Therefore, this thesis chooses the Haehara family, who came from Okinawa to Taiwan, as its subject, along with Kei Yonehara's book To Formosa: Okinawa, Taiwan — the Story of My Family as its fundamental text. This thesis approaches the subject from the perspective of life history and uses the migration of people on the frontiers of empire as its viewpoint. By doing so, this thesis addresses the limitations caused by the original work's serialization, so as to reposition the relationship with Taiwan of members of the Haehara family of different genders and identities. This thesis will proceed according to the sequence in the book, with Doctor Tomoyasu Haehara, Okinawa's first actress Natsuko Haehara, and broadcasting industry voice actress Lily Haehara as its subjects. From Tomoyasu Haehara's course of entering medical school studying until the school's closure, moving to Tokyo and then Siberia, and finally coming to Taiwan, we are able to see the changes in the medical system and the opportunities the other frontiers of empire could give to imperial subjects. Tomoyasu's active participation in the Aishokai reading group and the Aratama tanka group, represents his motivation of consciously joining the cluster of Japanese in Taiwan, as well as gives a first glimpse of Southern Islands, Taiwan's only magazine on Okinawa studies. For Tomoyasu, getting to know Japanese in Taiwan who show concern for Okinawa, was a way of drawing closer to the central Japan and to get promoted to higher positions. On the other hand, regarding the women's history of the Haehara family, 'searching for traces of mother Lily in Taiwan' was Kei Yonehara's original intention for writing the book. However, the materials shown in this work of literature are mostly of men's history; the original work's gap between the written results and the expectations has the result that only Ryukyu's tragic and complicated feeling of history could become Kei Yonehara main point of view. This thesis considers Lily and Natsuko's opportunities for migration through the perspective of women's self-discovery, and compares the differences in the motivation for moving to Tokyo, changes made, and autonomies of the two generations of mother and daughter. For Okinawans living on the frontier of the empire, migration to either the frontier, the colony Taiwan, or the center, Tokyo, offered opportunities and developments that one's native place would not provide. Furthermore, not only Tomoyasu Haehara participating in communities of Japanese in Taiwan, but also Lily Haehara not having an accent of her native Okinawa due to living in Kodamacho in Taiwan, are examples of de-Okinawa-ization. This thesis uses the perspective of migrants from the frontier Okinawa to look at the effects of the borders of empire on people from the frontier and their self-realization and pursuits, by presenting a life history story of those times and the Haehara family.