智慧農業的發展與應用:以草莓產業為例

Abstract

現今農業面臨最大的挑戰在於極端氣候、農業人口老化與食品安全等問題，所以全球各國的農業紛紛應用資通訊技術(ICT)、物聯網(IoT)及大數據(Big Data)等智慧農業相關技術，其中透過感測器可以更即時、更準確地掌握關鍵數據，希望能更有效與更全面的增加糧食產能、維護食品安全及保持生態安全。 草莓為溫帶地區生產的重要小漿果類之一。由於台灣處於亞熱帶，氣候變化大，育苗期間，又適逢颱風季節，溫室育苗可減低颱風造成育苗損失的風險；而栽培期間多雨潮濕氣候，果實容易腐爛，且病蟲害傳播迅速，造成防治困難，進而影響草莓的品質及產量。 從本研究的研究對象所發展的草莓一條鏈模式來探討，台灣的產業趨勢如電子科技的代工、農業技術的研發等非常適合智慧農業的發展。因此若能以溫室及智慧農業系統栽培草莓，除了可保護作物外，也可提供遊客良好的觀光草莓園採果環境，改善露天栽培的草莓園在雨天時無法提供遊客採果及果實易受損失的缺點，更有希望生產夏季草莓，補足目前草莓產業所欠缺的一環，進而使草莓產業體系更完善，未來應有機會促成此一智慧溫室種草莓的模式整廠輸出至其他地區，創造更大的產值。

In the face of extreme weather, aging agricultural manpower, food safety and other challenges, global agriculture has applied intelligent agricultural-related technologies such as ict, the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data (Big Data), and grasped more accurately key data through sensors. Those will make more effective and comprehensive maintenance of food security, food safety and ecological safety. Strawberry is one of the important small berries produced in temperate regions. As Taiwan is located in the subtropical zone, climate change is great, and the seedling raising period coincides with typhoon season, greenhouse seedling raising can reduce the risk of seedling loss caused by typhoon, while the rainy and humid climate during the cultivation period makes the fruit rotten easily, and the spread of diseases and insect pests is rapid, which makes the control difficult, thus affecting the quality and yield of strawberries. From the strawberry chain model developed by the research object in this study, Taiwan's industrial trends such as electronic technology contract, agricultural technology research and development are very suitable for the development of smart agriculture. Therefore, if the cultivation of strawberries in greenhouses and smart agricultural systems, in addition to protecting crops, can also provide tourists with a good strawberry garden harvesting environment, improve the situation of open-air cultivation of strawberry garden that cannot provide tourists to pick fruits and the fruits are easily damaged in rainy days. It is more hopeful to produce summer strawberries to supplement the current strawberry industry, further so that the strawberry industry system is more perfect. In the future, there should be an opportunity for the whole factory to export strawberry planting model in this smart greenhouse to other areas and create greater output value.