戰後臺灣人權發展與民主化運動(1945~2013)

Abstract

1949年國民黨政府不敵共產黨，退至臺灣使日後臺灣地區實施了長達38年的戒嚴令，原本中華民國憲法所賦予人民應有的權利，因而被剝奪與限制。其間經歷了許多迫害人民身體、自由、財產及選舉等大小事件，例如：1947年二二八事件、白色恐怖時期、1977年中壢事件、1979年美麗島事件等。臺灣經歷兩蔣硬性與軟性威權統治 ，李登輝主政時期法治改革、本土化運動，2000年首次政黨輪替，由民主進步黨的陳水扁先生當選，2008年由國民黨的馬英九先生再次政黨輪替至今。本研究基於對臺灣二次戰後迄今人權發展與民主化運動之關懷精神，分別以三個時期五個執政者主政階段，透過各時期所發生與臺灣人權發展與民主化運動相關之重大事件，探究各時期臺灣的人權發展與民主化。本文從二次戰後中國國民黨執政時期、民主進步黨執政時期、中國國民黨在執政時期發生之人權與民主化相關事件，其中以「四六事件」、「臺灣自救運動宣言事件」、「美麗島事件」、「陳文成事件」、「三月學運」、「陳雲林來臺事件」、「反媒體壟斷運動」、「士林文林苑事件」、「苗栗大埔事件」、「陸軍洪仲丘事件」為研究對象，再以各臺灣「七次憲政改革」為輔，探究各事件與臺灣各階段人權發展之關係及對臺灣之影響，並探討現階段臺灣人權發展與民主化之困境。

In 1949,KMT government lost mainland territory retreated to Taiwan.KMT government implemented martial law,so that,people didn＇t have many rights after 38 years.During this period,taiwanese suffered from physical abuse and persecute.for example, 228 incident in 1947,White Terror Period, Chung Li incident in 1977,Formosa incident in 1979.Taiwan experienced Authoritarianism,until Lee Teng-hui former president had to do many reforms,improved people’s rights.When Lee retired,it’s the first time to Taiwan experienced party alternation in 2000.than experienced again in 2008.This study is based on the development of human rights and democratization movement in Taiwan,it separates three periods and five governors,through many incidents to realize the influence on the development of human rights and democratization movement in Taiwan.After World War II during which incidents happened in the government of KMT and the government of DPP.for example,' April 6 Incident ',' Taiwan's self-help movement of the Declaration of events ' ,' The Formosa Incident ','Wild Lily Student Movement',' Chen Yunlin Incident, ' Anti-Media Monopoly Movement ','Wenlin Yuan Incident',' Miao-Li Incident ',' Hung Chung-chiu Incident'all of them as a research major part,the minor part is Taiwan's constitution reforms,which is to explore the relationship between human rights and democratization incidents,what influence on the development of the various stages of Taiwan.Finally,to find out the problems of the development of human rights and democratization movement in Taiwan.