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標題: | 蔣中正與黃埔信仰:戰後臺灣威權崇拜之建構 Chiang Kai-shek and the Whampoa Faith: Constructing the Worship of Authority in Postwar Taiwan |
作者: | Ying Sun 孫瑩 |
指導教授: | 羅士傑(Shih-Chieh Lo) |
關鍵字: | 蔣中正,黃埔軍人,戰後臺灣,威權崇拜,個人崇拜, Chiang Kai-shek,Whampoa,Postwar Taiwan,Authoritarian Worship,Personality Cult, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本研究重新思考戰後臺灣威權政治的形塑,嘗試剖析「蔣中正」作為一威權統治者,如何依靠制度,逐步轉變成為臺灣社會威權崇拜核心的複雜過程。以此為基礎,探究1949年底遷臺的國府如何在1955年後再次重建其政權,透過建構一套有利於特定群體的完整制度,得以維持政權長達數十多年的合法性與穩固。
甫遷台的國府之所以掀起各類運動,在於穩定人心、重塑軍隊紀律和恢復軍隊、國府在台灣社會的形象,最後達到動員社會資源之目的。但1955年政權鞏固後,國府為安置大批因裁軍或軍事撤退,而被迫來臺且流離失所的退除役官兵,急需在台灣重建一套與此群體有緊密關聯的制度,來維繫軍隊與國府的互利共生關係,且穩定台灣社會秩序。直到在1970年代後,這批曾經與國民黨來台,依附在同一制度而得以安居樂業,並分散到台灣社會各階層的退除役軍人,卻因台灣情勢的轉變,轉化並挪用他們共同領袖-「蔣中正」,讓原為獨裁者的「蔣中正」成為用以滿足人群訴求的共同符號。 本研究指出,1949年後的國府為因應不同時代的政權危機,針對黃埔軍人所推動的運動與制度,最後形成了台灣社會中一個龐大的利益共同體。與此期間,不同階層的退除役軍人為滿足各自的訴求,挪用「蔣中正」這一符號,方產生台灣社會中以「蔣中正」為核心的崇拜現象。 This paper is an effort to rethink the formation of authoritarian politics in post-war Taiwan, attempting to discover how Chiang Kai-shek as an authoritarian leader relied on institutions to become the center of authoritarian worship in Taiwanese society. With this as a basis, I explore how the Nationalist government, which moved to Taiwan in 1949, reestablished it's rule after 1955 and maintained legitimacy and stability for over a decade thereafter. After just having relocated to Taiwan, the Nationalist government initiated many movements to settle the hearts of the populace and restore and reestablish the discipline of the military. The Nationalist government’s image in Taiwanese society achieved its goal of mobilizing social resources. But, in 1955, after stabilizing its rule, the Nationalist government created a set of institutions for soldiers and officials leaving the military due to reductions in troops or military retreats. These institutions maintained the mutually beneficial relationship between the military and the state and stabilized Taiwan’s social order. Through the 1970’s, these soldiers who came to Taiwan with the Kuomintang were embedded in the same institutions, which allowed them to allowed them to live and work contentedly. The retired soldiers, who permeated every layer of Taiwanese society, were able to transform their common leader, Chiang Kai-shek, originally a dictator, into a common symbol that allowed them to satisfy their demands in an era when the circumstances in Taiwan were changing. This research brings attention to how after 1949 the Nationalist government responding to political crises of different eras used movements and institutions impelled by Whampoa soldiers to create a massive body of common interest within Taiwanese society. At the same time, retired soldiers from different stratum of society transformed and used Chiang Kai-shek as a symbol to achieve their demands, making Chiang Kai-shek into the center of worship in Taiwanese society. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/73959 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201903539 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 歷史學系 |
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