傳統農業設施與金字塔型溫室之成本效益分析

Abstract

隨著人口成長預期，糧食需求將繼續大幅成長，同時又因地球溫室效應、氣候異常等因素，使得糧食生產充滿不確定性，各國糧食安全存量問題已經在全球備受關注。對於位在亞熱帶氣候的臺灣，長久以來都因為夏季高溫、潮濕、多颱風以及冬季寒流來襲等氣候特性，有著嚴重的病蟲害、災損、寒害等問題，如今更面臨全球氣候變遷、極端氣候加劇的憂患。藉由發展適合臺灣之「智慧環控溫室系統」的創新科技，可降低氣候風險，解決臺灣的農業困境，並找到新的農業契機。 本文以「成本效益分析法」比較「金字塔型溫室」與「傳統農業設施」，即包含了「金字塔型智慧環控全密閉溫室」、「WTG Venlo型智慧環控全密閉溫室」、「VTP力霸山型塑膠布半密閉溫室」、「LT水平網室」、與「露天滴灌種植」等五組項目投資方案之成本效益淨現值，進一步以農委會在2017年所提出的「五年設施型農業推動方案」為主軸，探討如何在農業設施之設計上來解決現有農業關鍵問題：包含氣候暖化與病蟲害叢生、農業災損頻繁、一般溫室結構不良、環境污染惡性循環、耕地不足食安危機、青農永續傳承問題等，並提出「效益極大化」之最適策略建議。總括來說，「金字塔型智慧環控全密閉溫室」不僅是在本文中所有情境模擬下之可行性分析均為可以投資之農業設施型態，更是在所有農業設施型態比較項目中B/C益本比均為最高，可以優先投資以取得效益極大化之農業設施型態。

Food demand will continue to grow substantially as population growth expects. At the same time, production system is also filled with uncertainty due to factors like global warming effect and climate anomalies, thus the food security issue stocks in various countries has received much attention around the world. Meanwhile as a country located in a subtropical climate, Taiwan has long been suffering from climatic characteristics such as high temperature level, humidity, typhoon in summer and cold currents in winter. What’s more other serious problems for example pests, diseases, disasters and cold damage, forcing Taiwan to face the global climate change and extreme climate intensification directly. By developing the innovative technologies of 'intelligent controlled environment greenhouse system' that is suitable for Taiwan, climate risks may be reduced; agricultural dilemmas in Taiwan may be resolved; and new agricultural opportunities will be found. Current essay compares 'pyramid-type greenhouses' with 'traditional agricultural facilities' by 'cost-benefit analysis' (CBA), including the present value of net benefits of the five projects investment plans, which are 'pyramid-type intelligent controlled environment greenhouses', 'WTG Venlo intelligent controlled environment greenhouses', 'VTP double plastic film greenhouses', 'LT horizontal screen house', and 'open drip irrigation planting', with further combination of the “five-year facility-based agricultural promotion plan” proposed by The Council of Agriculture (COA) of Taiwan in 2017, explores how to solve these key problems of existing agriculture by designing advanced agricultural facilities: including climate warming and pests and diseases; the frequent disasters on agriculture; the inappropriate structured design of traditional agricultural facilities; the environmental pollution; insufficient cultivated land leading to food safety crisis; and the agricultural inheritance of farmers. In deed to put forward the optimal strategy proposal of “utility maximization”. In summary, the “pyramid-type intelligent controlled environment greenhouses” is not only an agricultural facility type that can be invested in the feasibility analysis under simulation analysis, but also proposes the highest benefit/cost ratio among all agricultural facilities projects that can be concluded as the priority investment to maximize the benefits of agricultural facilities.