學術圖書館創新模式之研究

Abstract

本研究為探索式研究，目的在探討學術圖書館如何因應內外環境壓力，追求創新以滿足學術社群變動的服務期待。研究目的為（1）探析個案圖書館所處的環境與面臨的挑戰；（2）描繪個案圖書館的創新歷程；（3）解析個案圖書館之創新做法，以及所採用的技術、工具與方法；（4）分析創新成敗的影響因素，以及對圖書館與利益關係人之影響；（5）發展學術圖書館之創新模式，提供圖書館創新之參考。 在研究設計上，本研究主要採用多重個案研究法與關鍵事件法，資料蒐集方法為深度訪談法及文件分析法，並以紮根理論分析法做為資料分析策略，以NVivo為資料分析工具。本研究以立意取樣，選擇持續進行創新之國立臺灣大學圖書館與國立清華大學圖書館為研究個案，從受訪者對創新歷程之描述與看法，探索學術圖書館創新，梳理創新歷程、解讀創新策略及建構創新模式，最後提出研究結論與建議。 本研究結論有四項，分別為：（1）學術圖書館追求服務效益，採行多種創新類型；（2）學術圖書館啟動創新循環歷程，促進創新能力；（3）學術圖書館重視提升創新助力與降低阻力；（4）學術圖書館已用多種創新策略，因應環境變革，即：策略一、新服務：提升服務的質與量、改善服務提供的流程與效率；策略二、新觀點：以服務媒合資源與空間，重視外部關係的連結；策略三、新思維：挑戰習以為常、突破慣性思維與既有框架；策略四、新態度：促進專業發展而致力創新，發揮學術與實務面的影響力；策略五、新價值：建立與利益關係人之連結，創造多元的價值；策略六、新效益：增進內、外部的服務效益，期能有效經營。 最後，依據研究所得，對學術圖書館創新模式提出實務應用與理論發展兩方面之建議。首先，就實務應用方面，依序為建立創新案例分享平台，集結群體智慧，累積各種創新類型的創新知識；成立常態性、貫穿層級的專責式創新小組，經營圖書館創新；重視圖書館實務的研發工作，以創新定位圖書館服務。再者，在理論發展上之建議，則為持續投入圖書館創新理論之研究，整合不同面向的研究，增進理論深度；重視圖書館經營策略之發展，探索各種實務營運的議題，拓展理論廣度；發展圖書館創新評估系統，理論與實務並重，建立衡量績效的指標。

Innovation is a crucial strategy for modern organizations pursuing differentiation and competitive advantages. Academic libraries have altered existing services and developed new ones in response to rapid changes in higher education environments and innovative educational technologies. This means that improving the capacity for and effectiveness of innovation is essential for libraries. This study aims to explore how innovations are initiated, shaped, implemented, and promoted in academic libraries in response to the changing environment. It is expected that the results will improve understanding of innovation in academic libraries, and propose an innovation model for academic libraries. Using a qualitative multi-case study to explore innovation in two academic libraries, 28 interviewees, from senior leadership positions to practical librarians, were invited to trace their innovation processes. Based on critical incidents described by librarians in in-depth interviews, this study also illustrates the innovative facilitators that enhance the innovation, and the barriers that hinder library innovation. The findings of this exploratory study are (1) Academic libraries have already used several innovation types to meet the changing needs; (2) Academic libraries have started an innovation-process-cycle to promote the innovation effectiveness; (3) Academic libraries have emphasized encouraging innovative behaviors and trying to eliminate the innovation barriers so as to enhance library innovation capacities; and (4) Academic libraries have adapted six innovation strategies in response to the changing world. Based on the results, it is advised that academic libraries should build a platform for sharing library innovation practices, build a cross-structure innovation team to manage library innovations, and put more emphasis on research and development of library practices, including the relocation of library services as innovation. Furthermore, we should keep exploring the theories of library innovation, and the development of library innovation strategies to expand the width and depth of the theories of library innovation.