《賈誼新書》禮治思想研究

Abstract

本論文目的在於探討先秦時期至漢初思想家對於「禮」的理解，以及由此建構出由漢朝思想家獨有特色的「禮」論的情形，由此試圖闡明漢初學術與政治思想氛圍。本文主要將使用觀念史研究方法分析《賈誼新書》（以下統稱《新書》）之「禮」，釐清《新書》「禮」論所蘊含之內容特色。基於此，本文進一步欲論證的是，《新書》的作者藉以此「禮」論要達成的理論目標是「人類世界與自然世界以『禮』調和運行」這一點。 本論文將經過如下四個步驟分析《新書》的「禮」和「禮」論：第一、釐清《新書》「禮」的全部用例，闡述《新書》每一個「禮」的涵義。第二、區分出《新書》「禮」之用例中，哪些用例具有引述其他文獻「禮」之用例的跡象，確認《新書》「禮」中來自於《管子》、《呂氏春秋》、《左傳》、《國語》等文獻的部分。第三，釐清《新書》「禮」本身獨有的「禮」和「禮」論的內容。本文將指出《新書》文本建構出「禮」論的主要內涵是「人類世界與自然世界以『禮』調和運行」。第四，將如上所闡明的《新書》「禮」論內容與《管子》、《荀子》的「禮」論進行比較，區分出《新書》「禮」論可能的原創部分。根據以上探討的一些心得，針對由徐復觀、陳麗桂、林聰舜等學者提出的相關觀點，提出不同的看法。

This thesis aims to discuss Jia Yi’s understanding of the concepts of Li (ritual and social norm) during the Warring States to early Han period, and to construct a distinctive theory of Li of that time. The author hopes that this research can help to clarify the atmosphere of academic and political thoughts in the early Han period. This thesis adopts so-called “History of Ideas” method to analyze characteristics of both the concepts and theory of Li in Jia Yi Xinshu (賈誼新書, hereinafter referred to as Xinshu). It tries to prove the point that the theoretical goal for its author was to make the world of human be harmonious with that of nature. This thesis will analyze the concepts and the theory of Li through the following four steps: Firstly, delineating all the usages of the term of Li in Xinshu. Secondly, detecting the textual sources if those instances of Li were quoted from other pre-Qin literatures, e.g., the Guanzi, Mr. Lu’s Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo’s Commentary to the Spring and Autumn Annals, Guoyu and so on. Thirdly, elaborating the particular concepts and contents of Li, which might have been proposed by the author of Xinshu. Here, I point out that the main connotation of the theory of Li constructed in the Xinshu was that the world of human works in harmony with the world of nature. Fourth, comparing the contents of the theory of Li in Xinshu with those in the Guanzi and the Xunzi, detecting possible theoretical influence by them.