新來澳人口在澳門之社會融合研究

Abstract

過去幾十年來，澳門一直容納從中國大陸移居的新來澳人口，他們在澳門的社會融合影響著澳門整體的社會發展和社會凝聚。本研究旨在了解內地新來澳人口在澳門的社會融合程度，並分析個人因素、家庭因素和系統支持對社會融合的影響，從而對社會服務、政策制訂者及未來研究者提出適切的建議。 本研究採橫斷式的量化設計，透過169份有效問卷進行資料分析。研究者透過網上招募、社福機構、社會團體及學校轉介等途徑接觸受訪者，參與研究的資格須為出生於中國大陸的中國人，年齡18歲或以上及經合法途徑移居澳門十年以內。依循本研究的線性迴歸模型分析，家庭支持是眾多變項裏最具預測力的因素，有較高家庭支持的新來澳人口有較高的社會融合。此外，依據T檢定、ANOVA及Pearson相關分析的結果，教育程度、月收入、家庭類型、社會資源使用情況、方言能力、工作時間等因素都與社會融合呈現顯著的相關。 社會普遍是多元存在的，雖說發展或增進社會融合具有一定的挑戰性，然而，隨著更多研究深入分析，配合政府及社福機構對不同文化共存的敏銳度，將有助推展適切的服務及倡議適時適地的政策。如此，新來澳人口的社會融合便得以在實證基礎上有所增進。

The extent of social inclusion has been found to impact social development and cohesion. Throughout the past few decades, the majority of the new arrival population in Macao was primarily from mainland China. This research aims to examine the extent of social inclusion of new arrivals in Macao, the impact of socio-demographic individual characteristics, family characteristics and systematic support on social inclusion, in order to provide suggestions for social workers, professionals working with new arrivals, and future studies according to the findings of this research. A cross-sectional research was conducted with 169 individuals aged 18 or above, who settled in Macau through family, investment or skilled migration within the past 10 years. The recruitment of participants included online recruitment, referrals from non-governmental organizations, social organizations and school. Statistical analysis revealed that family support was the most powerful predictor of social inclusion in the Linear Regression model. Through a t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis, several individual socio-demographic background factors, including education, monthly income, household type, usage of social resources, dialect abilities and working hours of new arrivals were significantly correlated with social inclusion. Social inclusion can be challenging in a diverse society, but with continued research, culturally competent organizations and governments can enhance service delivery, develop policy initiatives, and disseminate evidence-based practices to improve social inclusion for new arrivals in Macao.