以無人飛行載具及雙像感測系統輔助建物外殼熱傳效能之分析

Abstract

降低建物能源消耗為現今各國重要節能政策之一，而建築物外殼之熱傳透率則為評估節能效率之關鍵指標。然而目前獲取此參數之方法多採用建物於設計階段之構造大樣圖並透過已知建材之熱傳導係數進行計算，對於既有建物之真實外殼熱傳效能並無實際檢測與評估。本研究發展一套由紅外線熱影像儀與可見光相機組成的雙像感測系統，並搭載於具高機動性之無人飛行載具上，作為資料之收集平台。透過嚴謹之輻射以及幾何率定程序，確保所獲得之資料其品質足以作為後續熱傳效能分析以及整合三維空間資訊之用。此外本研究引入縮尺實驗以驗證透過熱紅外影像之數值分析進行現地量測以獲取不同建材熱傳透率之可行性，並將以上技術實地應用於建物外殼之分析。實驗成果顯示，透過本研究所提出之方法可快速將兩種型態資料完成輻射與幾何上的改正，同時輔以現地量測的環境參數以大範圍地獲取建物外殼的熱傳透率。此外，於幾何條件上將熱紅外影像與三維點雲進行物像整合以獲取同時具有高空間幾何資訊以及高正確性的熱輻射與熱傳透點雲資料，除了可提供建物熱行為更真實之視覺化展示，更能將具有數值意涵之熱點雲進行空間幾何分析。藉由以上整合兩種型態資料之完整技術，將可為建築物節能評估提供一項低成本但具有高效能與高品質且真實符合既有建物外殼熱傳效能現狀之方案。

Energy conservation is now considered an important issue in modern architectural design. To evaluate the energy efficiency, the thermal transmittance of building envelops is typically used as a key indicator. In this study, a drone-based platform integrating an infrared (IR) and a visible light (RBG) image sensors was developed for acquiring the data necessary for thermal transmittance analysis of building envelops. Both radiometric and geometric calibrations have been performed, ensuring its capability of acquiring information necessary for a thermal transmittance analysis and a 3D spatial information reconstruction. Furthermore, the complete approach for analyzing thermal transmittance has been developed. Experimental results revealed that the thermal efficiency of building envelops can be readily evaluated based on the data collected by the proposed system. Besides, a realistic visualization and geometrical analysis of the thermal behavior has also been achieved by the integration of 3D point cloud and IR thermal images. It gives a clear evidence that a reliable and cost-efficient solution for evaluating architectural designs for energy conservation has become available by employing the system developed in this study.