二十世紀初的莎士比亞故事：在中國語境中轉換、合作和同化

Abstract

二十世紀初譯自莎士比亞故事的一批作品在中國翻譯史佔有舉足輕重的地位。它們使中國讀者第一次得以窺見莎翁之美。然而這批作品長久以來卻甚少成為關注的焦點，更鮮見學人以莎士比亞故事為中心探討這一批翻譯在中國文學史中究竟扮演怎樣的角色，又有哪些元素在這批作品產生過程中起了決定作用。本文以勒弗菲爾的翻譯四元素──意識形態，詩學，語篇環境與語言為理論基礎，將二十世紀初的莎士比亞故事翻譯置於中國當時的社會歷史背景下展開研究。通過聚焦長久以來為人所忽視的作品，本文旨在藉由描述性的研究視野重新審視莎士比亞故事在中國的翻譯，討論二十世紀初在中國語境下如何藉由莎士比亞故事重塑莎翁的歷程。

In the history of translation in China at the turn of the twentieth century rewritings from Shakespeare tales performed a vital role and surprised Chinese readers with foreign, exotic cultures. Though these translations have long been noticed, they have not been studied in detail by scholars. Rarely do scholars focus on what role the rewritings of Shakespeare tales played in the literary history and what factors determined the process producing the translations. Inspired by Lefevere’s four level of translation -- ideology, poetics, universe of discourse, and language -- this dissertation will examine the translations of Shakespeare tales at the turn of the twentieth century, placing them in the socio-historical context of China. Looking at those marginalized translations, it reconsiders Shakespeare tales from a descriptive perspective and provides new insights into the various ways in which Shakespeare has been reconstructed in China.