預組式室內精裝修工程之研究探討-以梯廳工程為例-

Abstract

營造業營運成本受到建築材料、人力成本等因素影響，因室內裝修工程(以下簡稱內裝工程)亦屬於營造業而深受影響。尹衍樑(2016)曾提及營建業面臨兩大壓力:一為勞工短缺，二為同業削價競爭。隨著工業4.0的推進，傳統工人逐步減少，新技術和材料被廣泛應用。內裝工程工業化的思考，就是將傳統現場工地繁複的工序簡化，以製造業定制化的生產概念，轉換成「內裝預組式工法」，成為內裝工程新的競爭優勢，創造雙贏的差異化營建管理目標。 「內裝預組式工法」採全定製化模式，以設計為核心的施工方法，採精裝修施作標準，符合台灣市場需求。其工法的使用比例會因各家施工廠商在資源掌握、施作工法、工程管理制度及專案現況條件因素不同之下而有所差異。故本研究以其工法的可工廠預製施作內容比例達50%以上，稱為「預組式室內精裝修工程」，是內裝工業化的一種施工方法。可工廠預製施作內容的重要技術門檻在於以拆解、組合、調整的三大施工規則中，為了解決設計問題所開發生產的通用性五金扣件或公母套件等研發技術；另其施工關鍵技術有三:一為放樣工程技術，二為誤差控制技術，三為1:1樣品製作等三種專門施工技術。 本研究以「內裝預組式工法」作為梯廳空間的施工方法，建立預組式室內精裝修工程的施工模式。以四大計畫：(1)可行性分析計畫、(2)前期計畫、(3)施工計畫、(4)運送計畫，以及三大施作規則：(1)拆解、(2)組合、(3)調整，配合乾式工法進行廠製化生產，再將模組部品構件運送到現場組裝施工的施工工法，建立可達到重複性模組部品構件廠製化、設計模組化、工項排程合理化及施工同步化的預組式室內精裝修工程的施工模式。

Operating costs of the construction industry are affected by factors such as construction materials and labor costs. Construction as a part of the construction industry is also deeply affected by the aforementioned factors. Samuel Yin (2016) mentioned that the construction industry faces two problems; One is the shortage of workers, and the other is the price competition among peers. Along with the advancement of Industry 4.0, the amount of conventional skilled workers are declining, and new technologies and materials have been widely used. The idea of industrialization of construction is to simplify the complexities of traditional construction site, and to convert the production concept of the customized processes in the manufacturing industry into a “Customized Prefabrication Method”. The industrializing of construction is helpful to create new competitive advantages and a win-win construction management goal of differentiation. The “Customized Prefabrication Method” adopts a full-customization model, uses design-centered construction method, and complies with the construction standards for high quality needs of the Taiwan market. The proportion of the use of the construction method will vary according to the differences in the resources, construction methods, project management system, and project conditions that each interior fit-out company has and faces. Therefore, in this study, we define that when the use of its construction method is more than 50%, it is called “Customized Prefabrication Method for High End Interior Fit-out”, and classified as a construction method of industrialization of construction. The important technical threshold for the customizable prefabrication lies in the three major construction rules: disassembly, assembly, and adjustment; and, these rules are set in order to solve the design problems in regard with the development and production of universal hardware connectors, coupler kits and other R & D technologies. In addition, there are three key construction technologies: layout works, deviation control and mockup. In this study, the “Customized Prefabrication Method” was used as the construction method of the elevator lobby and to create a construction mode of customized prefabrication method for high-end Construction. It consists of four major plans: (1) Feasibility Study, (2) Preliminary Plan, (3) Method Statement, (4) Logistic Plan, and three major construction rules: (1) Disassembly, (2) Assembly, (3) Adjustment. The process comprises the dry-type construction method for factory production, transport of module components to and assemble the components in construction site. The goal of the customized prefabrication method is to create a construction mode for high-end Construction that is able to manufacture repetitive module component in factory, modularize designs, rationalize project schedule of construction, and simultaneous construction.