異己分別之打破:和平論述探索與重建

Abstract

邁向永久和平，只憑靠外部力量是不足夠的。人的天性是自利，而國家受人天性的影響。只有外面形式化的規定，對於國家來說就是一次一次的破壞規約以滿足自利需求。如同歷史上到現今，全球充滿的各式衝突。然而人的自利是屬於可塑性的，異己之間的界線，並非渾然不變。什麼是利益，也可以由後天創造出來。 若是異己之間的高牆能被打破，無異於邁向和平的一大捷徑。而這一塊可以藉由內部價值觀的改變，來加以實現。對於人類來說，宗教文化是一條強而有力影響人類價值觀的方式。發現並闡揚宗教文化中有利和平的因素，進而影響到人們的價值觀朝向和平路徑前進，是本文的研究方向。 本文探討了四種主流宗教文化理論，包含基督教、佛教、道家、伊斯蘭教。這四大者影響了全球絕大多數的人口。研究結果顯示，四大主流宗教文化理論的內涵中，皆對於無形利益的創造、異己分別的打破、乃至慾望的克制方面，都有著強而有力的論述，值得提倡並喚醒。若能以此為內部途徑，搭配開放政治等有利突破異己分別之外部制度，雙管齊下，將是邁向永久和平的一種方案。

Concerning of permanent peace, it is inadequate to rely on external forces. Human nature is self-interest, and have impact on a state. To meet self-interest needs, a lot of violations of the statute will happen again and again if there is only external formalized Statutes. As in history to the present, the world is full of various conflicts. However, human self-interest is plastic, and the boundary between dissidents is not completely unchanged. What is profit can also be created by acquired afterwards. If the high walls between dissidents can be broken, it will be a shortcut to peace. This can be achieved by changing internal values. For humans, religious culture is a powerful way to influence human values. It is the research direction of this article to discover and explain the factors that favor peace in religious culture, and then affect people's values toward the path of peace. This article explores four mainstream religious and cultural theories, including Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, and Islam. These four religious and cultural theories influence the majority of the world's population. The researching results show that in the connotation of the four mainstream religious and cultural theories, all have strong and powerful discourses on the creation of intangible benefits, the breaking of dissidents, and even the restraint of desire, which are worthy of being advocated and awakened.