兩岸勞動法對女性權益保護之研究

Abstract

女性權益保護之問題與性別工作平等理念之實踐是勞動法上的重要議題。女性因先天生理原因在體力上與男性有較大差距，又因在妊娠期、生產期、哺乳期與生理期期間之身體狀況需要進行休息與恢復，身處勞動市場之女性與男性需要被區別對待。為了保護女性不在職場上受到性別歧視，勞動法需要對女性權益進行特殊保護。 本篇論文首先將就國際勞工組織與國際公約中有關保護女性權益之規定進行探討，主要討論了國際法上為了實現性別工作平等理念而對女性權益進行特殊保護之制度的歷史沿革、具體規定與發展趨勢。 其次，推進到台灣與中國大陸勞動法中對女性權益的保護問題，研究在兩岸現行勞動法體系下，女性之權益被保護之現行規定與實施成效，並從中總結出兩岸勞動法在保護女性權益議題上之不同的發展趨勢。 最後，針對兩岸勞動法中對女性權益保護之具體措施進行評價，找到相關制度的問題所在，並且針對這些問題尋求在兩岸勞動法間之可相互借鏡之處，期待給出更能凸顯性別工作平等理念與保護女性不受職場上性別歧視的立法建議。

The issue of the protections of women's rights and the practice of the concept of gender equality in right-to-work are important issues in labor law. Women are physically different from men due to congenital physiological reasons, therefore, there’s a huge gap between the genders. Besides, women need rest and recovery during the pregnancy duration, childbirth period, lactation period and menstrual period. For the above reasons, women and men in the labor market need to be treated distinctively. In order to protect women from gender discrimination in the workplace, labor laws require special protections for women's rights and interests. Firstly, this thesis will discuss the regulations concerning the protections of women's rights and interests in International Labour Organization and international conventions. It mainly discusses the historical evolution, specific regulations and development trends of the system for the special protections of women's rights and interests, in order to realize the concept of gender equality in right-to-work in international laws. Secondly, it focuses on the issue of the protections of women's rights and interests in labor law of Taiwan and mainland China, to study the current regulations and the effects of this issue under the current labor law system, and to concludes the different development trends in labor law between Taiwan and mainland China on this issue. Finally, this thesis evaluates the specific measures of protecting women's rights and interests in the cross-strait labor law, finding out the problems of the relevant systems. Seeking for the protecting system that the cross-strait labor laws could learn from each other, and looking forward to giving legislative suggestions which highlight the concept of gender equality in right-to-work and the protections for women from the sex discriminations in workplace.