基本國策的憲法意涵——歷史脈絡及其再定位

Abstract

本文整理憲法的「基本國策」章於1946年以前的歷史，探討該章節的制度設計。經過文獻分析，中華民國憲法的「基本國策」章實際上最有關聯的應是其憲法第1條「三民主義」。從「基本國策」的歷史也能看出中華民國必須經過對日抗戰激起的民族主義，始能真正建立起國家認同感。確立對於「民族」的概念而制憲，而憲法的討論亦重視社會面向，是故又必須重視民生問題。是故「基本國策」章的制定可說是為詮釋「三民主義」而設置的獨立章節。本文探討的問題為「基本國策」章有無獨立章節的必要，並且試著提出獨立章節以外的其他方法。最終將回到思考「基本國策」章對於憲政史的意義。

This article build the history of “the chapter of Fundamental National Policies” before the year 1946 . Seek for the sign of its social system. Due to context analysis, “the chapter of Fundamental National Policies” in R.O.C has the deepest relation to the Sanminism in the Article 1. After the world war II against Japan, the R.O.C constitution emphasize the nationalism, and put in some social systems that under the amendment of Socialism called Minsonism. This article means that “the chapter of Fundamental National Policies” is placed by an isolated chapter for interpretation of Sanminism. This article tried to find another mean and ends for the sign of “the chapter of Fundamental National Policies” and back to the constitutional meaning of its path.