兩性預計退休年齡差異研究

Abstract

隨著平均餘命的延長，過去十年來退休年齡有逐漸後延的趨勢，兩性的退休年齡雖同時增長，但女性退休年齡仍呈現略早於男性現象。職場上的性別差異一直以來都是性別平等關注的重要議題，較早退休可能導致退休金不足及老年貧窮等問題，過往對於女性勞動參與不足的解釋往往涉及到家務負擔。 為了解退休年齡上的性別差異是否因家庭分工所致，本研究以45至49歲已婚有工作者為對象，分析不同性別是否會因「照顧親屬」及「擔任家計負責人」的定型化角色分工，影響預期退休年齡。 研究結果顯示，女性確實較男性更早退休，但卻非因擔任照顧親屬者或擔任家計負責人所致，退休年齡呈現性別上的差異可能來自於性別本身，並推測受到夫妻聯合退休模式的影響。

As life expectancy increased in the past decades, retirement age has gradually been delayed. And the retirement age of both sexes has increased at the same time, of which women is slightly earlier than men. Those advocate for gender equality have been paying attention to women’s employment issues, they regard that women’s early retirement leads to elderly poverty and insufficient pensions. When talking about women's subordinate economic status, the burden of household work on women is crucial. This study takes married workers aged 45 to 49 as the research objects to explore whether the different sexes will affect expected retirement age through two mediator:” Family Caregiver” and “Breadwinner”. The analysis results found that gender has a significant impact on expected retirement age. Women retires earlier than men, but not through the two mediator. Being a “family caregiver” and “breadwinner” has no a significant positive impact on expected retirement age. Therefore, this study concludes that expected retirement age is effect by gender, and speculated that it also could be affected by the model of Couples' Joint Retirement.