智能契約法制與監理之研究

Abstract

在區塊鏈技術之發展中，法制、技術、應用三方應如何進行整合，協調出妥適之監管框架，為當前重要之課題。而區塊鏈技術是否能擴大其應用範圍，與智能契約之應用可能性為正相關，惟學界目前仍對於智能契約與現有之法制之交錯關係未能釐清，智能契約對於現有法制可能產生之衝擊亦不明朗，應如何具體進行監管亦不確定。本文為了究明上述之問題，對於現有智能契約、法制進行綜合分析後指出： 一、現有之智能契約定義並不明確，並進一步將智能契約原始的定義依照應用之方式區分為「智能契約程式碼」以及「智能法律契約」。 二、就現有法制，本文針對技術層面可能面臨之衝擊，包含區塊鏈中資訊儲存方式、數位簽章之憑證機構等提出修正措施；針對政策層面，包含用戶隱私身分、紛爭解決機制之方法，認為應以政府為主導，並重視個人同意之方式進行區塊鏈之建構。 三、對於監理政策，本文綜合分析我國、日本、美國等對於區塊鏈之目前監管措施，並參考國際上其他國家監管政策，建議政府主導區塊鏈之發展，以中央銀行為發行單位，建構以央行發行央行虛擬貨幣。

In the development of blockchain, it is the most essential issue currently to coordinate technology, legal system and financial applications and to construct a proper regulatory framework of these three parties. However, scholars still fail to clarify the relationship between the smart contract and the legal system. The potential impact of smart contract on the existing legal system hasn’t been studied, either. Therefore, in order to illustrate the problems above, this paper analyzes the smart contract and the current legal system and points out: First, the definition of the smart contract, which was proposed by Nick Szabo, is not clear, so this paper divided the original definition of smart contract into 'smart contract code' and 'smart legal contract' according to the way of application. Second, regarding to the legal system, this paper points out the potential impact on the technical level, including the storage of information on the blockchain, and the certification of digital signatures. In view of the policy level, how to protect the user’s privacy status and build on the dispute resolution mechanism should be considered. Third, for the supervision policy, this paper analyzes the current regulatory measures for the blockchain in Taiwan, Japan and the United States. With reference to the regulatory policies of other countries around the world, this paper suggests that the government should guide the development of the blockchain, meanwhile, issuing central bank cryptocurrency.