觀點、時間與他者：《莊子・秋水》的倫理反思

Abstract

本文研究之目的，欲釐清〈秋水〉之倫理思維，以「觀點」、「時間與變化」以及「他者」三個面向試圖架構出理論性。並且間接以此三個面向，找出〈秋水〉之內部一致性，以及找到〈秋水〉與《莊子》內篇思想上之連結性。〈秋水〉雖在外篇，但涉及倫理意涵之討論，其深度與張力絲毫不亞於內篇。本文認為〈秋水〉的倫理思維展現在以下幾個面向：首先，在「觀點」的範疇中，從「原初觀點」的內省與覺察、發動主體的內在能力，提出觀點轉換之必要，並且走向「大人」與「大知」的生命境界；其次，在「時間與變化」的範疇中，從變化的角度反思價值的來源與建構，展現《莊子》哲學中變化觀下「德」之意涵；再者，在「他者」的範疇中，〈秋水〉從「以道明權」、「天人」、「天機」等意涵出發，與《莊子》內篇相互闡釋，展現對「他者」之深度關懷。透過此三個面向，凸顯了「反思問題」與「回應他者」為〈秋水〉倫理理想的核心關懷。

The purpose of this research is to investigate the ethical thought in the chapter 'Autumn Floods' of the Zhuangzi with three dimensions, including perspective, temporality and change and the other. In order to elicit the correlations between inner chapter of the Zhuangzi and the chapter 'Autumn Floods', and also the consistency in the chapter 'Autumn Floods', I utilized these three dimensions (e.g. perspective, temporality and change and the other) to discuss the chapter 'Autumn Floods'. Whilst, I designed a series of thematic questions to rethink the ethical thought in inner chapter of the Zhuangzi. Generally, the chapter 'Autumn Floods' has drawn less attentions than inner chapter of the Zhuangzi, because the ethical thought in inner chapter of the Zhuangzi could be deemed that is more valuable than the chapter 'Autumn Floods'. Whereas, this piece of research revealed that the value of ethical thought in the chapter 'Autumn Floods' is equal to inner chapter of the Zhuangzi. In terms of the topic of perspective, I found that the chapter 'Autumn Floods' mentioned that the original perspective is necessary to be discovered and reflected by subject. Additionally, the chapter 'Autumn Floods' claimed that subject is required to transform their perspective into '大人'and '大知'. Regarding the topic of temporality and change, value could be formed and constructed through the lens of change. The topic of temporality and change in the chapter 'Autumn Floods' is correlated to the virtue in Zhuangzi, because virtue is variable. Underlying the topic of the other, I discovered that the notions (e.g.以道明權,天人,天機) are connected to inner chapter of the Zhuangzi. The thesis of the chapter 'Autumn Floods' is that people have to show respect and empathy to the other. Through these three dimensions, I attempted to solve ethical problems so as to highlight that 'reflection' and 'response the other' are the cores in the chapter 'Autumn Floods'.