特留分之合憲性控制研究

Abstract

本論文因涉及特留分制度之合憲性控制，故需就特留分制度之過去、現在及未來逐一論述，且因我國傳統法制上並無相關規定，故其沿革部分主要係說明羅馬法及日耳曼法之異同；至於目前世界上主要之特留分規定，本論文則分別就11個國家或地區之現行規定為比較，並釐清特留分制度之規範目的；至於未來修法部分，則於具體合憲性控制後說明。 就合憲性控制部分，本論文首先確認特留分制度限制被繼承人之財產權，其後確認該限制係為保障繼承人之生存權、繼承權、家庭權及平等權等，並就基本權衝突及立法形成自由為說明。而具體為特留分之合憲性控制部分，分別就形式及實質合憲性控制為說明，詳列審查密度、比例原則及平等原則審查等。 對於特留分制度之修法建議及展望部分，本論文除詳細說明我國特留分立法錯誤之理由外，並就擴張特留分扣減標的及限縮特留分權利人等逐一說明。我國民法繼承編部分條文修正草案（2016年12月23日）雖增訂喪失繼承權及生前贈與歸扣等規定，然仍無法達成特留分制度之規範目的，故本論文並為修法之建議。

This thesis is concerned with the constitutional control of the compulsory portion system, therefore it is necessary to elaborate on the past, present and future of the compulsory portion system. And because there is no traditional relevant legal system in our country , therefore, the main part of its evolution is to explain the similarities and differences between Roman law and Germanic law. As for the main current compulsory portion in the world, this thesis compares the current regulations of 11 countries or regions respectively, and clarify the normative purpose of the compulsory portion ; as for the future law revision section, it will be explained after the constitutional control. On the constitutional control section, this thesis first confirms that the compulsory portions limits the right of property of the deceased, and It was later confirmed that the restriction was to safeguard the right of existence, the right of succession, the right to family and the equal rights, etc. It also explains the conflicts between fundamental rights, and freedom of legislation. And specific to the compulsory portion of the constitutional control section, respectively, on the form and substantive the constitutional control for the illustration, ,detailed level of scrutiny of judicial review, principle of proportionality, and the principle of equal, etc.. Proposal and prospect for the compulsory portion system, in addition to the thesis detailing the reasons for the discrepancies in the compulsory portion of our country, and will be made on the expansion of compulsory portion deductions and restrictions on the obligee. Our civil law inheritance part draft amendment (December 23, 2016) although the loss of inheritance rights and prenatal gift deductions and other provisions, however, it still can not reach the normative purpose of the compulsory portion system. Therefore, this thesis is also a proposal of revision.