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標題: | 春季紅龍果(Hylocereus sp.)新生枝條成熟度與芽體萌發物候期 The shoot maturity and budding phenology in red pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) in spring |
作者: | En-Yi Chu 朱恩儀 |
指導教授: | 楊雯如(Wen-Ju Yang) |
共同指導教授: | 江一蘆(Yi-Lu Jiang) |
關鍵字: | 生育週期,整枝修剪,部分呼喚型芽體, Fertility cycle,Pruning,Partial evocation bud, |
出版年 : | 2018 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 紅龍果(Hylocereus sp.)屬於典型長日植物,臨界日長約為12小時,生育週期在南、北緯3度以外地區可明顯區分為營養生長期及生殖生長,在臺灣大約可以春分及秋分為界。每年春分時,成熟枝條上的芽體開始接受長日誘導並萌發,期間除典型三稜營養芽和花苞外,會出現多種中間型芽體,未成熟的新生枝條則尚未能感受長日誘導。秋分後開始持續萌發營養芽,新生枝條生理成熟度差距大,精準的疏剪可以提升隔年果園的產能。本研究目的在(1)了解春分前後各枝齡枝條的芽體萌發物候期及花芽創始過程,(2)建立新生枝條成熟度指標,及(3)評估枝條成熟度對短截催花效果的影響,作為枝條管理模式之參考。
本試驗顯示長日環境是紅肉種紅龍果 ‘富貴紅’芽體分生組織轉變為花原體的必要條件,芽體發育過程依據生長點周圍苞片數量可以分成0-3級,花原體在stage 3階段完成分化,花苞萌發前花瓣已開始發育,並於萌發後3-4天內完成雄蕊及心皮分化。‘富貴紅’具有商業價值的生殖芽與營養芽的萌發量於春分後4.5週交錯,當年生枝條大約於4月份開始批次性萌發;非當年生枝條更早,比當年生枝條提早3週。未經前一年長日誘導花芽的新生枝條,其感受長日的能力與成熟度有關,而枝條發育成熟所需週數受快速生長期間的夜溫影響,若夜均溫低於15oC則生長量下降,進而延遲成熟。12月以前萌發的新生枝條在春分前生長16.5週以上,在春分時具感應長日環境的能力;而1-2月萌發的枝條,在枝條停心後2-3週萌第一批次花,短截可以促使這些枝條提早開花,其效果與枝條成熟度及日長有高度相關,在進入長日前短截達120公分的新生枝條,是提高花季內早期產量的關鍵之一。 Red pitaya (Hylocereus sp.), a typical long-day plant with the critical daylength of 12 h, in the areas beyond 3o in the south or north latitudes can divided into floral non-inductive season (main vegetative growth) and inductive season (reproductive growth), which means the shoots are potentially about to enter reproductive phase after Spring Equinox in Taiwan. At Spring Equinox, a mature shoot begin to flower initiation and emergence, except the normal shoot and normal flower, there have many type of partial initiation bud. However, current shoot that are not mature do not have ability to reproductive growth. After autumnal equinox, a large number of vegetative bud continue sprouted, those current shoot have different maturity, and an accurate pruning can enhance the next year’s yield. The objective of this study was to (1) elucidate the floral initiation and differentiation process and the relationship between shoot maturity and bud formation phenology, (2) establish the index of shoot maturity, (3) evaluate the effect of heading cut on floral bud formation, as a shoot management mode for orchards. Our result showed that long-day is necessary for the transformation of apical meristem into floral primordia, floral bud development process can divided into 0-3 stage according to the number of bracts around the meristem, floral primordia differentiation was complete at stage 3, the petal differentiation before floral bud emerge, the stamen and carpel are differentiated within 3-4 days after floral bud emergence. In red pitaya ‘Fu Gui Hong’, the amount of vegetative bud and marketable reproductive bud emergence cross at 4.5 weeks after Spring Equinox, current shoot began to emerge marketable reproductive bud in April, non-current shoot’s first floral-buded time are 3 weeks earlier than the current shoot. New sprouted shoot did not induction by last year’s long-day, it’s ability to receive long-day induction related with shoot maturity. How long to get maturity is depending on the temperature at night during shoot rapid growth period. When average temperature below 15oC, growth percentage will go down and delay shoot maturity. Shoots that sprouted more than 16.5 weeks before Spring Equinox were competent to receive long daylength induction. Shoots that sprouted in January to March can emerge floral bud after 2-3 weeks after their growth reached the flat part of the growth curve, and heading cut those growing shoots can forward the flowering schedule. However, the effect of heading cut is highly related to shoot maturity and daylength, which means heading cut a shoot that length about 120 cm before enter the long-day is one of the key in enhancement of early production. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/69535 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201800985 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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