台灣檸檬產業產銷之研究

Abstract

檸檬為台灣具代表性的熱帶水果之一，在2006年國內檸檬栽培面積為1,736公頃，占柑橘面積5.13%到2016檸檬種植面積2,790公頃，占全台柑橘類總面積10.65％。2016年檸檬總產量約36,289公噸，總產值為114,420萬元，平均價格為每公斤31.5元。其中以屏東縣26,624公噸占全國產量73.3％，高雄縣3,111公噸占總產量8.6％，高屏兩縣市總產量29,735公噸占全國產量81.9％，顯見台灣檸檬產業生產集中度高。 為了解檸檬之產銷之情況，本研究蒐集、彙整檸檬產業歷年生產情況、產業集中度及各年盛產期價格情況、銷售通路，藉以瞭解檸檬產業結構與市場競爭力;本文亦利用統計分析法，探討產地價格、批發價格、合作社批發價三者之間的比較分析，希望分析結果可作為提供農政單位在每年7-9月生產季節時的產銷調節之參考。 本研究結果顯示，批發市場價格與批發市場供給量相關係數 -0.559，顯見檸檬在批發市場交易時，價格與數量呈反向關係。但是藉由合作社共同運銷進入批發市場價格與數量間的相關係數為 -0.08，呈弱負相關，與全國批發市場相關係數相較之下，運銷合作社進入拍賣市場價格比較不受產量的影響。 台灣檸檬歷年來出口地以大陸、香港為主，根據財政部關務署統計2016年總出口量為963.3公噸，大陸出口量為936.3公噸，香港為18.9公噸，兩者總出口量為955.2公噸佔總出口量99%。但根據產地出口量統計與官方統計數據有些許落差，產地出口大都以小三通為主要路線，故出口數據仍有待釐清。 本研究建議落實對檸檬產業的田間調查，確切掌控種植戶數，推行產期調節、調節產量，同時加強農民用藥觀念、拓展出口通路增加農民收入。

Lemon is one of Taiwan's most representative tropical fruits. In 2006, the area planted to lemon is 1,736 ha, and it counts for 5.13% of the total planted area of citrus in Taiwan. In 2016, the total output of lemons was approximately 36,289 tons, and it counts for 10.65% of the total planting area of citrus in Taiwan. The total output value is 1,144,200 thousand NT dollars, with average price of 31.5 NT dollars per kilogram. Among them, 26,624 tons of lemon produced form Pingtung County, accounted for 73.3% of lemon production in Taiwan; 3,111 tons of lemon comes form Kaohsiung County, take a share of 8.6% of Taiwan’s production. From above, one will see that the lemon production in Taiwan is highly concerntrated. In order to understand the production and distribution of lemon industry, this study collected the production data, concentration index, and the price of harvest season for each year, making a indepth analysis of market structure and competitiveness of lemon industry. Also, this study analyzes not only the difference between farmgate and wholesale prices, but also the difference among farmgate prices, cooperative prices and wholesale prices, hoping that the findings of this study can be the reference for government to conduct the production and distribution strategy of the industry for the harvest season each year. Our findings show that the correlation coefficient between the wholesale market price and the wholesale market supply is -0.559, which implies the negative correlation between price and quantity in whole sale market. The coefficient of correlation between the cooperative price in wholesale market and the quantity traded is -0.08, which implies the weak relationship between them. Compared with the national wholesale market correlation coefficient index, which means the auction price of cooperatives in the market has little relationship with quantity traded. Taiwan’s lemons have been exported to mainland China and Hong Kong over the years. In 2016 Taiwan exported 963.3 tons of lemon, and 936.3 tons of which were sold to mainland China, and 18.9 tons were sold to Hong Kong. The quantity exported to these two regions counts for 99% of the export of lemon in Taiwan. However, there is a difference between the origin statistics and the official statistics, and most of the Lemon were exported form Kimmen and Matzu. Therefore, the export data still needs to be clarified. This study suggest that the implementation of the lemon industry should be carried out, controlling the number of growers, implementing the adjustment of production, regulating the production quantity, strengthening the reasonable usage of pestcides, expanding export channels and increasing farmers' revenue.