三島文学の父権への抵抗ー『仮面の告白』を中心に

Abstract

本篇論文將著眼於父權體制的壓迫如何在三島由紀夫（1925-1970）的文學作品中呈現。誠如周知，三島由紀夫的文學特殊性其一就是同志文學的書寫。因此，筆者將聚焦他最著名的同志文學作品—《假面的告白》（1949）。欲透過此此篇作品的分析理解父權體制如何侵蝕同性戀者以及其家人朋友的生活。同時，我也會針對作品裡的內容，分析父權對於戰後日本的影響。相較於先前的研究，我不將研究的核心拘泥於三島由紀夫自身的精神狀態，更希望將研究延伸至社會學、性別學的觸角，以求得更充實的三島文學全貌。 筆者將運用西方和東方的性別研究，作為本論文的分析核心。西方文獻的部分將著眼於Allen G Johnson在一九九七年（二〇〇五年版本亦納入參考）出版的《性別打結-拆除父權違建》。而在東方文獻的部分將聚焦於上野千鶴子於二〇一〇年出版的《厭女-日本的女性嫌惡》之上。 筆者將透過本篇論文解構三島文學中瀰漫的無力感。筆者以為此無力感以及壓迫和當時後日本快速蔓延的父權思維有相當程度的關聯。從忽視自己的性傾向步入婚姻生活、透過肉體的鍛鍊瘋狂追求陽剛形象、一直到選擇切腹作為終結自己一生的方式，再再都顯示了他和父權終其一生的抗爭。從他的作品、故事的對白、他的言行思想，我們也許可以將他視為，日本戰後父權壓迫最顯著的樣板人物。筆者不僅欲釐清他（身為同性戀者）必須面對的的挫折，更想透過本論文記錄下面對父權的傷害，他那奮力抵抗的姿態。

This thesis examines how the patriarchal authority works on Mishima Yukio’s （1925-1970） literary works. As we know, the specialty of Mishima’s literature is gay literature. Therefore, I will focus on novel, Confessions of a Mask（1949）, to investigate how patriarchal authority persecutes gays and their family and friends. Also, I plan to research the plot to find out how patriarchal authority works in postwar period of Japan. Contrary to previous studies, I not only focus on Mishima’s mental condition, but also emphasize the relation between literature and society. I draw on the concept from the book The Gender Knot- Unraveling Our Patriarchal Legacy（1997）, written by Dr. Allen G Johnson, which details how patriarchy interferes with society and nation. Also, the concept from the book Woman Hater – Japan’s Misogyny（2010）, written by Dr. Chizuko Ueno, which details how misogyny interferes with society and nation, is adopted to examine the target texts.In prologue and Chapter 1, I will explain my research motivation and introduce the life of Mishima Yikio and historical background of Confessions of a mask’s. In Chapter 2, I will focus on how the patriarchy works on protagonist’s childhood with the plot. In Chapter 3, will focus on protagonist’s puberty with the plot. The work is related to the topics of homosexuality. We can better understand how patriarchal authority persecutes lives of homosexuals. I aim to deconstruct the sense of oppression radiating from Mishima’s literature through the thesis. I argue that his oppression relates to patriarchal system’s rapid expansion then in Japan. Whether from the behavior of ignoring his sexual orientation and getting married with a woman, from the behavior of chasing masculinity crazily, from the behavior of the seppuku at the end of his life, we can find out he is struggling with patriarchal authority all over his life. From novels, from plot, from behaviors, we could realize that he is the conspicuous example of the victim of patriarchal authority in postwar period of Japan. This thesis not only documents Mishima’s sexual dilemma, but also discuss how he resisted patriarchal authority and oppression.