學工生產線？「新南向」學生的遷移過程與機制

Abstract

本論文試圖說明台灣以新南向政策引導的人才培育計畫，吸引東南亞學生來台就讀，然而來台學生往往陷入「成為學工」的困境。我以來台東南亞學生的生命經驗作為出發，探究他們遷移的目的，以及他們在遷移管道中如何選擇；同時我也研究私立後段大學和台灣政府鋪設教育遷移管道的自利邏輯，以及這些邏輯彼此的衝突如何造成學生在遷移中的困境。遷移的渴望和遷移基礎設施為本篇研究觀點，遷移的渴望說明學生在不同的因素下產生留學的渴望；遷移基礎設施則說明在遷移過程中的行動者自利邏輯可能產生的衝突，進而使得學生必須依賴仲介才能到達地主國。來台之後，學生的留學台灣夢在各種行動者謀求自利的情況下和現實生活產生巨大落差，學生由於各種際遇不得不成為學工。

This paper investigates educational migration from South and Southeast Asia to Taiwan under New Southbound Policy by focusing on the possible routes for them to spend more time working rather than studying unlike their intended plan. To understand the so called “student-workers” phenomenon, I relied on data collected by conducting in-depth interviews with Southeast Asian students, teachers at low-ranking universities, and various types of mediators. This paper argues that the student-workers situations provides strong evidence to support the argument proposed by migration infrastructure researchers that as migration channels become diversified, migrants actually rely more heavily on mediated mechanisms more than ever. The reliance on brokers creates economic burdens so huge that foreign students can only pay back via over-working in the host countries.