鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的衰退機制與發展非鉛鈣鈦礦太陽能電池

Abstract

本論文中首先我們使用臨場的方式監測鉛鈣鈦礦太陽能電池在運作時的衰退機制，更在其中發現造成電池死亡的不是普遍認知的PbI2而是PbIOH，又發現PbIOH的生成與最普遍的電動傳導層spiro-OMeTAD有直接關聯。第二部分談及碳電極鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的製作，更嘗試把有劇毒的鉛換成錫。第三部分有關平板型錫鈣鈦礦太陽能電池，我們發現在前驅物中加入色胺酸不僅能提升膜的平整性，更能提升對空氣的穩定性，最後我們可以做出四平方公分超大面積且具有高效率的錫鈣鈦礦太陽能電池。第四部份是優化錫鈣鈦礦量子點的發光性質，實驗發現可以藉由加入丙酸搭配二維的銨鹽能做出目前世界上量子產率最高、半高寬最窄、而且波長的調控最寬的錫鈣鈦礦量子點。

Initially, we investigated the degradation of perovskite solar cells under operating situations through in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopies, which revealed that lead hydroxide iodide (PbIOH), a new phase that has not previously been identified as the degradation product of perovskite solar cells, was formed as an end decomposition product inside the cell. The formation of PbIOH could break the interface inside and be the key reason behind the problem of reduced cell life. In second part, we replaced the lead perovskite in carbon-electrode based solar cell with tin perovskite. In third part, we use a zwitterion additive to improve the film morphology of tin perovskite active layer by retarding nucleation process, and the efficiency of corresponding solar cells with 4 cm2 area can achieve 2.1%. In addition, the additive also significantly enhances the stability of device. The final part is about tin perovskite quantum material. We have successfully prepared tin perovskite nanoplate which demonstrates excellent quantum yield of 6.4%, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 37 nm, and wide tunability window.