想像的「貢糖」體：金門邊界島嶼的多重想像與治理矛盾

Abstract

本論文以金門貢糖的物質文化為研究的支點，透過金門貢糖的物件史支撐起金門作為邊界島嶼（border island）的探討。首先，本研究指出貢糖成為觀光紀念品乃根植於金門作為兩岸戰地的邊界性；受兩岸關係的變動，金門的邊界性不動被重新定義，也同時重塑貢糖的物件生產網絡。第二，本文指出金門作為兩岸邊界島嶼（border island）內含了三種性質的交疊：主權邊界（national boundaries）、邊陲離島（marginal, underdevelopment island）、邊界融合的橋頭堡（bridgehead）；在此三種政治空間配置策略之下，邊界島嶼的發展策略受到多重尺度的邊界行動者干預而變動不定，但邊界社會在上層體制的邊界政策變動中，卻具備彈性調適的動態性，展現於物件生產網絡、觀光紀念物論述與想像共同體之上。 經驗資料上，第一本文展現出貢糖「道地性論述」的建構彈性，此反映了金門人想像共同體的複雜性；第二貢糖花生原料產地的爭議，反映出多重跨尺度的「他者」對於金門的想像地理存在歧異性，因而使邊界金門島的治理產生複雜的劃／跨界爭議。理論視角與分析操作上，本文結合文化研究的物質文化取徑與地緣政治的邊界研究視角，關注「國家中心觀」的邊界治理之下的「文化社會中心觀」的邊界社會過程，分析金門貢糖的物件生產網絡與道地性彈性建構其背後所蘊含的邊界經驗和想像共同體，並探討邊界社會如何在上層體制的邊界治理霸權之下調適或抵抗。最後，本文指出邊界治理雖由國家主權控制，但主權對金門的邊界操作是矛盾的；從邊界所經驗的社會過程來看，邊界社會是具有意志的，如可能具備穿透主權邊界的網絡、可能擁有不同於民族國家的想像共同體，此和國家霸權所欲強化的邊界管理與國族意識存在落差。

This article attempts to analyze Kinmen island’s boundary delimitation due to its characteristics of border island between Taiwan and China. Through archival studies and interview survey, this paper examines the multiple imagination of Kinmen citizens and the contradiction of border control by discussing the material culture and the boundary control of the production chain of Kinmen’s peanut candy. I indicate that there are three characteristics for Kinmen as a border island: “marginal island”, “national boundary” and “bridgehead” corresponds to the position on domestically, internationally and practically. Since Kinmen is expected to achieve three characteristics above, the governance of this border island is self-contradictory. From the observation of social process on the production chain of Kinmen's peanut candy, this article emphasizes border area is not simply dominated by the state hegemony, the will of the border society also has an influence on the border policy. On account of this, the border practice might be flexible compared to the strict control established by state. Accordingly, on the theoretical perspective, this article emphasizes to observe the experience of the border society and this might be a more complete perspective to seized the practice on border.