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Title: | 以演化觀點探討伴侶吸引力與景觀環境之關係 Exploring the Relationship between Mate Attraction and Landscape Environment from Evolutionary Perspectives |
Authors: | Chia-Yu Yu 游家瑜 |
Advisor: | 鄭佳昆(Chia-Kuen Cheng) |
Keyword: | 演化假說,景觀偏好,伴侶吸引力,交往價值,景觀效益, Evolutionary Hypotheses,Landscape Preference,Mate Attraction,Mate Value,Landscape Benefit, |
Publication Year : | 2020 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 過去研究時常使用演化假說與觀點對景觀美學進行探討,並指出景觀偏好是出於求生本能。相關假說如大草原假說、森林假說、親生命假說以及植栽和水這兩個演化元素,皆認為特殊的環境類型與元素能提供較佳的生存條件,也是人類最早的棲地環境類型。然而過去的實證研究尚無法歸因為演化本能所導致的景觀偏好,因此部分學者也認為目前相關論述仍屬於一種假說。 性選擇為生物的重要演化本能之一,相關研究指出男女擇偶條件的來源皆是要能確保後代的生存。研究也指出個體受到異性吸引後,確實會特意產生一些行為來傳達自己的交往價值(mate value),但目前尚未有研究證實個體在展現這些交往價值時,對象真的會覺得其更有吸引力。近年來許多研究皆以產品選擇的角度,探討個體在受到吸引之後對於消費選擇偏好的改變,但在景觀相關領域則較無文獻以演化觀點中繁衍後代的角度探討景觀的偏好與選擇。 從演化觀點可推知個體偏好較能生存的景觀環境,同時個體受到異性吸引後會開始繁衍後代,並做出確保後代生存的選擇;因此本研究推論個體在處於受到吸引的情況下會比一般情況更加偏好可以生存的環境,包括大草原、森林、自然度較高、有植栽、有水元素等特殊環境。另外因相關研究發現個體所展現的交往價值,似乎與男女的伴侶偏好有所相符,因此本研究也推論個體透過特殊景觀環境展現交往價值確實能提高其伴侶吸引力。 本研究分為兩部分。研究一以網路問卷形式探討伴侶吸引力對景觀偏好之影響,實驗依不同受測者性別、觀看有或無吸引力之同性或異性個體照片隨機分為六組。實驗包含兩部分:第一部分先將受測者隨機分組觀看人像照片,填寫吸引力量表;第二部分請受測者觀看不同環境類型與元素模擬之景觀照片,包括沙漠、草原、森林、有無植栽水體和不同自然度照片共21張,並進行知覺感受與偏好測量。結果發現人在受到吸引時確實會改變其景觀偏好,且會較偏好自然度高的景觀環境。 研究二接續研究一的結果,探討不同自然度的景觀環境對伴侶吸引力的影響。同樣是以網路問卷的形式進行調查,實驗分為兩部分:首先隨機讓受測者觀看一位同性或異性網友的社群平台Instagram主頁面,並對此網友發佈的9張同組自然度景觀環境照片個別進行知覺感受與偏好測量,第二部分請受測者根據看完此網友照片後的感想,以吸引力量表評估此網友之吸引力。每位受測者各會觀看共兩組不同網友、不同自然度的實驗照片。研究結果發現確實個體看到對象喜歡自然度越高的環境時,會覺得其越有吸引力。進一步分析可發現,個體會因為自己偏好自然度較高的環境,進而認為對象的吸引力較高,顯示人類展現的交往價值確實與性選擇的伴侶偏好相符。 本研究證明演化假說與觀點能以伴侶吸引力與繁衍後代的角度探討景觀美學。由於過去研究無法直接歸因是演化中的生存本能導致的景觀偏好,因此本研究替演化觀點相關研究建立實證基礎,證明確實是因為演化本能所造成,另外過去景觀效益相關研究並無針對伴侶吸引力進行探討,因此本研究也為景觀效益開啟新的觀點,說明景觀環境能有助於傳達自我形象、展現交往價值以提高伴侶吸引力,在此擴大了演化觀點與景觀環境的應用性。 In the past, research often used evolutionary hypotheses to explore landscape aesthetics, and pointed out that landscape preference is based on survival instincts. However, past empirical studies were not able to attribute landscape preference to evolutionary instincts. Therefore, some scholars considered that the current relevant discussions were still hypotheses. Sexual selection is one of the important evolutionary instincts. Researches said that both of men and women choose the mate who ensures the survival of offspring. Studies also pointed out that when individuals are attracted, they do something to convey their mate value intentionally. However, no research confirmed that when individual shows their mate value, the object will really find them more attractive. Also, less literature in landscape discuss landscape preferences and choices from the perspective of multiplication. This study was divided into two parts. Study 1 explored the impact of mate attraction on landscape preference by an online questionnaire. First, subjects were asked to evaluate the attractiveness of portrait photos. Second, the subjects were asked to evaluate the naturalness and preference of 21 landscape photos, including deserts, grasslands, forests, the presence or absence of plants and water. The result showed that when people are attracted, they will indeed change their landscape preferences, and they will prefer landscape environments which are more natural. Study 2 continued the results of Study 1, exploring the impact of different naturalness on mate attraction by an online questionnaire. First, subjects were asked to watch the main page of Instagram of a same-sex or a opposite-sex netizen, including 9 photos of same naturalness. Then, they evaluated the naturalness and preference. Second, subjects were asked to evaluate the attractiveness of netizens. Each subject watched two groups of photos of different netizens and different naturalness. The results found that individuals actually find the object more attractive when they see the more natural environment the object posted, and subject also prefer environment that is more nature. Study 2 indicated that mate value displayed by humans is consistent with mate preferences. This study proved that evolutionary hypotheses could explore landscape aesthetics from the perspective of mate attraction and multiplication. This study established an empirical basis for research on evolutionary perspectives and proved that it is indeed due to evolutionary instincts. In addition, past studies of landscape benefits didn’t talk about mate attraction. This study also found a new perspective on landscape benefits, indicating that landscape environment can convey self-image and show mate value to increase attractiveness. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/66983 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202003622 |
Fulltext Rights: | 有償授權 |
Appears in Collections: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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U0001-1608202022035100.pdf Restricted Access | 5.72 MB | Adobe PDF |
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