泰國民事伴侶法之研究

Abstract

許多國家已經承認同性婚姻的合法性，而泰國至今仍無法律肯認同性伴侶之間的關係。本文集中探討泰國應如何承認同性伴侶的合法身分，在2012年，泰國政府首次頒布民事伴侶法草案，試圖承認同性婚姻家庭在民事上的合法性，並給予和異性婚姻相同的保障。本文將說明，泰國民事伴侶法草案奠基於國際公約和泰國憲法中的人權與平等原則。然而，泰國仍有許多文化與宗教信念反對該草案，本文亦將酌為探討。 其次，將比較泰國的民事伴侶法草案與2004年英國的民事伴侶法，原因是泰國採用了與英國類似的體例：在不變動既有的婚姻制度之前提下，訂定特別法保障同性伴侶。且二者目的均為賦予同性伴侶與異性婚姻幾乎同等的義務與權利。因此本文認為英國的民事伴侶法將為未來泰國民事伴侶法提供很好的參考。另外，本文也會將泰國民事伴侶法草案與泰國民商法第5編（家庭法）當中關於夫妻之規定進行對照，比較同性伴侶與異性婚姻之異同。結論是本草案仍與現行法的夫妻關係存在些許的差距，並有漏未規範之處，為了保障同性伴侶的權益，在草案重新發布之前有修正的必要。 最後，本文將歸納泰國民事伴侶法草案之特色，並為使其與現行法體系妥善融合，提出相關意見與建議。

Many countries began to certify the status of same-sex couples. Thailand does not currently have a law recognizing relationships of same-sex couples. Concerns have expressed regarding how Thailand will recognize the status of the same-sex couple. In 2012, Thailand started to draft the Civil Partnership Act to certify the official status of same-sex couples as a civil partner as the marriage of heterosexual couples. The Thai Civil Partnership Act is supported by human rights and equality principles found in international conventions and the Thai constitution. However, there are still cultural and religious factors that are opposing the Civil Partnership. The Civil Partnership of Thailand was similar to the approach adopted by the Civil Partnership Act 2004 of the United Kingdom., which provided the same rights and duties for a same-sex couple as a heterosexual couple, and the is considered a good model for the configuration of the Civil Partnership Act in many countries including Thailand. Moreover, the Civil Partnership of Thailand considers the suitability of the law by concerning together with the Family Law principles under Book 5 of the Civil and Commercial Code. Using the example of marriage law to apply to civil partnership law is also creates equality. However, this Act still has gaps or omissions that should be revised before being officially released for the benefit of same-sex couples. This paper will look into the draft of the Civil Partnership Act of Thailand and consider whether this law is appropriate for Thailand or not. Afterward, this research will give opinions along with the suggestions.