英國勞動法上勞動者認定法理之形成與發展--英國法之特質及對台灣之啟示

Abstract

勞動法所欲規範之勞動者為何人，乃勞動法之首要課題，我國著重於勞工概念之探討，隨著新興產業發展，此一議題再度受到討論，有鑑於此，本文從英國法就相關議題之形成與發展出發，希冀藉由比較法觀點獲得啟發。 本文首先整理英國法勞工認定之判斷基準，釐清各項基準的發展背景與學說討論，再考察非典型勞動者之勞工認定情形，發現傳統的勞工認定基準面臨困境，接著梳理英國對此課題的學說發展，分別為勞工判斷基準之再建構、新勞動者概念之建立以及機能雇主論三個方向，並介紹英國立法上建立之中間類型勞動者，亦即worker概念，在判決與學說上亦有許多討論。 最後，本文梳理英國法之特質，分析英國法對我國法之啟示，分別探討從屬性之調整與展望、非典型勞工之未來以及中間類型勞動者之建立，以提供我國法未來發展之參考。

Employment status is the primary issue of labor law. Discussion in Taiwan focuses on the concept of ‘employee’. With the development of emerging industries, this issue has been discussed again. Starting from the formation and development of British law, this thesis hopes to be inspired by the perspective of comparative law. This thesis first collates the test of determining ‘employee’ in British law, clarifies the background and doctrine discussions of each test, then examines the employment status of atypical workers. This thesis finds that the traditional tests are facing difficulties, and then sorts out the British doctrine on this issue. The doctrine is divided into three directions: the reconstruction of the test for determining ‘employee’, the establishment of the new employment concept, and the functional employer theory. This thesis also introduces the types of intermediate category established in British legislation, that is, the ‘worker’ concept. Finally, in order to provide references for the future development of Taiwan law, this thesis sorts out the characteristics of British law, analyzes the inspiration from British law for Taiwan, and discusses the adjustment and prospect of subordination, the future of atypical labor, and the establishment of types of intermediate category.