戰後台灣國軍政工制度與軍隊控制

Abstract

本論文關於中華民國的政工制度，透過史料探討大陸時期政工制度到今天的政工制度。本論文的中心在戒嚴時期的政工制度，探討戒嚴時期政工制度的發展及其工作，接著探討研究戒嚴時期與當時的軍隊控制。本論文發現戒嚴時期政工制度的監察工作、政訓工作、保防工作和政工幹校都是軍隊控制的重要因素，特別是軍官的思想控制，此外也發現戒嚴時期的政工制度有制度化、蘇聯化、私人化的特色。制度化是當時的政工制度有法律規定，有很明確的組織，有很明顯的工作範圍；蘇聯化是蔣經國用蘇聯的方法發展政工制度，最明顯的例子為政工幹校；私人化是當時政工制度，特別是政工幹校非常重視領袖主義，此領袖指的是蔣介石，使得軍隊不僅是國民黨的軍隊，也變成蔣氏父子的軍隊，任何人反對或有可能對蔣氏父子不利會遇到排除的結局。本文選用孫立人案當研究對象，從孫立人案發現政工制度對蔣氏父子非常重要，有很多人反對此制度，蔣氏父子還是繼續保持此制度下去。

This thesis is about ROC political warfare, using historical data to research ROC political warfare since Mainland China era until today. The core of this thesis is political warfare in White terror era, especially its development and its operation, then research how the political warfare control army in that era. This thesis found out that supervise work, political training, public security work and political warfare school are all the important factor to control the army, especially army personnel’s thought. Moreover, this research also found out that political warfare in White terror era has systematize, Sovietize and personalize characteristic. Systematization is from the law that make political warfare stable and has distinguish organization and duty framework; Sovietization is from Chiang Ching-Kuo. He derived soviet way to develop political warfare in White terror era, the most obvious example is political warfare school in Beitou, Taipei; Personalization is political warfare in White terror era, especially political warfare school take Chiang Kai Shek’s leader doctrine very seriously. This leader doctrine makes ROC army not only Kuomintang’s army ,but also Chiang Kai Shek and Chiang Ching-Kuo’s army. If someone is against Chiang Kai Shek and Chiang Ching Kuo or make them lose any benefit, that person will be eradicated. This thesis chooses Sun li-ren case as the case study, after the research found out that political warfare is very important to both Chiang Kai Shek and Chiang Ching-Kuo, even though there were many people opposed the political warfare, but Chiang Kai shek and Chiang Ching-Kuo still keep on using it.