休閒參與作為職家衝突因應策略之作用

Abstract

本研究旨在探討休閒參與作為職家衝突因應策略的作用，首先本研究先了解職家衝突對家庭滿意度、工作滿意度、身心健康的影響，再以休閒參與作為調節變項，檢視個人在面臨職家衝突時，若以休閒參與作為因應策略，是否會對職家衝突與後果變項的關係產生影響。除休閒參與外，本研究也觀察休閒滿意度及家庭休閒是否會調節職家衝突與後果變項的關係。 本研究採便利抽樣，以全職工作者為樣本，並在不同產業、不同組織進行問卷施測，共回收630份有效問卷。 在階層迴歸分析後，本研究結果顯示「職家衝突」與「家庭滿意度」呈顯著負相關、與「工作滿意度」呈顯著負相關，與「身心健康」則為顯著正相關：代表職家衝突越高，家庭滿意度越低、工作滿意度越低、身心越不健康。「休閒參與」在「職家衝突-工作滿意度」的關係中有強化的調節效果、「休閒滿意度」在「職家衝突-家庭滿意度」的關係中有緩衝的調節效果、「家庭休閒」則在職家衝突與三個後果變項的關係中都不具調節作用。 研究結果顯示：休閒參與作為職家衝突的因應策略並無法有效緩解個人的壓力感，甚至會產生反效果。因此，建議企業在面對員工的壓力時，需先了解其壓力來源，再予以因應策略選擇的建議，若員工面臨的主要壓力來源為職家衝突，則休閒參與可能很難發揮其減壓效果，此時應建議員工採取其他更有效之因應策略。

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of leisure as a coping strategy on work-family conflict (WFC) and its consequences. First, the influence of WFC on family satisfaction, job satisfaction, and health was examined. Next we tested whether leisure participation, leisure satisfaction, and family-based leisure moderate the relationships between WFC and its consequences. Convenience sampling method was adopted, and 630 questionnaires filled out by full-time employees were returned from a variety of organizations in different industries. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that WFC has negative influences on the dependent variables: people with higher WFC felt less satisfied with their family and work life, and reported more symptoms. Leisure satisfaction buffered the impact of WFC on family satisfaction. However, contrary to expectation, leisure as a coping strategy exacerbated the effect of WFC on job satisfaction. Family-based leisure showed no moderating effect on any of the relationships between WFC and its consequences. Our findings seem to suggest that leisure participation is not an effective coping strategy in the WFC context. Thus, it is suggested that corporations should advise their employees to adopt more effective coping strategies rather than merely engaging in leisure.