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Title: | 汽車共享最適車輛數與費率之研究 Optimal Fleet Size and Fare in a Car Sharing Market |
Authors: | Yi-Ju Chen 陳怡如 |
Advisor: | 張學孔 |
Keyword: | 汽車共享,電動小汽車,訂價,車隊規模,最佳化模型, Car sharing,Electric vehicle,Pricing,Fleet size,Optimization model, |
Publication Year : | 2012 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 面對都市化與普及化的小汽車持有與使用,在推動公共交通政策之同時,該如何創新運輸服務以解決都市交通問題,同時兼顧社會公平與永續,乃為各國積極追求之目標。汽車共享(Car Sharing)為近十多年逐漸取得共識之汽車使用創新模式。以往針對汽車共享之研究多著重於事後分析使用者的社經背景、運具使用習慣與旅運行為特性分析,或著重於營運者成本分析,雖有事前供需評估及潛在客群分析但其方法論僅專注於問卷調查之結果分析。各國目前汽車共享營運者多採傳統汽油車為主要運具,但隨著節能減碳觀念之興起,運具選擇逐漸朝向油電混合車與純電動車發展。因此,本研究依據城市使用者特性與需求,並考量營運者的營運成本和車輛成本與規模經濟,建立最大利潤與損益平衡下大社會福利目標的電動小汽車共享市場最佳化模型。同時,依據最佳化結果以台北市進行案例分析以驗證模式之適用性,研究結果顯示,若台北市欲營運共享汽車,假設每月平均每位會員使用五小時,則汽油車以最大利潤為目標下,最適費率為每小時223元,車隊規模達697輛;以最大社會福利為目標時,最適費率為每小時194元,車隊規模達2,0374輛。由於電動車目前成本較高,本研究在電動車在有34%補助下,以最大利潤為目標時,每小時最適費率約221元,其最適車輛規模為747輛;以最大社會福利為目標時,每小時最適費率為191元,且最適車隊規模為2,324輛。本研究建立之最佳化模式以及應用在台北市之分析結果,將有助於汽車共享市場之規劃。 In consideration of social equity and sustainability, promotion of public transport has been the ultimate goal for countries facing the challenges of congestion, air pollution, and energy consumption caused by high ownership and usage of motorized vehicles. In addition to promoting public transport systems, car sharing has been recognized as an innovative model in the past decade. Previous researches on car sharing have focused primarily on users’ economy and social characteristics, usage habits, and travel behaviors as well as operator costs. Although some studies have analyzed the potential market for car sharing, their methodology was based on information from surveys and questionnaires. It has also been observed that most carsharing operators choose vehicles with conventional gasoline fuel, although increasing numbers of new operators use hybrid or electric vehicles for energy efficiency and emission reduction. This research develops an analytic optimization model and applies it to solve the problem of optimal fleet size and fare for the carsharing market with either electric or conventional vehicles. Objectives of maximum profit and social welfare subject to a break-even constraint are considered in the model. In the numerical analysis, Taipei City is used as the case study for verifying the applicability of the models. Numerical results have shown in conventional vehicle that the optimal fare is 223 NTD/hour and the optimal fleet is 697 with maximum profit objective while the optimal usage fare is 194 NTD/hour and the optimal fleet is 2,037 with an assumption of average five hour usage per month in Taipei’s carsharing market. It has also shown that there will be no market with the full price of EVs while the optimal usage fare is 221 NTD/hour and the optimal fleet is 747 for the maximum profit objective if there is a 34% cost subsidy for EVs based on the current policy. For the maximum social welfare objetive subject to break-even constraint, the optimal usage fare is 191 NTD/hour and the optimal fleet is 2,324 . The models developed and numerical analyses will be beneficial for planning of a car sharing maket. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65987 |
Fulltext Rights: | 有償授權 |
Appears in Collections: | 土木工程學系 |
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ntu-101-1.pdf Restricted Access | 1.16 MB | Adobe PDF |
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