評估不同材質灌溉圳路之生態表現

Abstract

為改善農田灌溉圳路的生態環境，自2002年開始，台灣推動各項農田圳路生態工程。不同材質的灌溉圳路，其生態表現需要進行比較，以找出較適合水生動物棲息的圳路材質。由於水生動物之棲息，受到水文水質條件的影響，因此材質的生態表現之比較必須在水文水質條件相似的圳路進行。本研究調查四條灌溉圳路，包括兩條漿砌卵石圳路及兩條混凝土圳路。根據因子分析及選擇性比例分析結果顯示，在水文水質條件相似的兩條圳路中，台灣石賓及台灣馬口魚顯著偏好棲息於漿砌卵石圳路，對混凝土圳路則是迴避 (p-value < 0.05) 。 在農田圳路生態工程中，多孔性生態混凝土是一種新型的生態材料。由於多孔性生態混凝土的製作技術尚未普及，需要評估灌溉圳路系統中局部圳路以生態材料改善的生態表現。本研究調查一生態混凝土圳路系統，評估其生態表現。該圳路系統之部分圳路以多孔性生態混凝土建造。由野外調查得知，此圳路系統在施工後45至306日內有7種2694隻水生動物棲息。當中包括澤蛙、澤蛙蝌蚪、黑眶蟾蜍、多齒新米蝦、粗糙沼蝦、網蜷和台灣蜆。在圳路系統中，局部圳路使用生態混凝土建造，有助整個灌溉圳路系統的生態表現。

In order to improve the ecological environment of agricultural irrigation channels, series of various cases of agricultural channel ecological engineering have been promoted in Taiwan since 2002. In order to find out which material is more suitable for inhabitation of aquatic animals, comparison between eco-performances of irrigation channels with different materials is necessary. Because hydrological and water quality conditions affect inhabitation of aquatic animals, comparison must be executed at channels with similar hydrological and water quality conditions. This study investigates four irrigation channels. Include two channels are made up of mortar pebbles and two channels are made up of concrete. According to the results of factor analysis and forage ratio, between two channels with similar hydrological and water quality conditions, Acrossocheilus paradoxus and Candidia barbatus prefer inhabit the mortar pebbles channel rather than the concrete channel significantly (p-value <0.05). The results show the mortar pebbles material is more suitable for inhabitation of Acrossocheilus paradoxus and Candidia barbatus. Porous eco-concrete is a new type ecological material in agricultural channel ecological engineering. Because the techniques of this material have not been popularized, eco-performance of the irrigation channel system that part of the channel change in porous eco-concrete channel is necessary. This study evaluates the eco-performance of an eco-concrete channel system. Part of the system is made up of porous eco-concrete. In this investigation, there were 7 species 2,694 individuals of aquatic animals inhabited in the system between 45 to 306 days after the completion of the construction. The animals include Fejervarya limnocharis and it’s tadpole, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Neocaridina denticulata, Macrobrachium asperulum, Melanoides tuberculatus, and Corbicula fluminea. Part of the irrigation channel system change in porous eco-concrete channel can help the eco-performance of the whole irrigation channel system.